Khattab Nagwa Mohamed Ali, Abd-Elsabour Mennat Allah Ashraf, Omar Ola Moustafa
Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Pediatric and Community Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt.
BDJ Open. 2024 Oct 5;10(1):77. doi: 10.1038/s41405-024-00261-0.
Practicing oral habits beyond the normal age range is assumed to be due to underlying psychological disturbance and could result in a deformation of the orofacial structure. The first step in managing such a health condition is to evaluate its size. Thus, this study aimed primarily to assess the prevalence of oral habits among a group of school children aged from 5 to 7 years, in Cairo, Egypt. The secondary aim of the study was to investigate some possible related predictors along with the mother's perception of the child's oral health-related quality of life.
A Google form questionnaire was designed, utilizing the third domain of Nordic Orofacial Test-Screen (NOT-S), to assess the presence or absence of oral habits and their types, if reported. Also, there were two global rating items to test the child's oral health-related quality of life from the mother's prospection, along with one item to inquire if the mother thinks that the oral habits are harmful to the child. A total number of 23 schools in Cairo, Egypt were randomly selected, and the link to the Google form was distributed through the parent's groups on social media. All high-quality complete responses were analyzed using the SPSS program, and a Log-binomial regression model was constructed, to determine the significant predictors of practicing oral habits in children.
Among the analyzed 1128 responses, the total number of answers to the third domain of interview part of NOT-S was 1235, with a response rate of (60.39%), no habits were reported in 635 children (51.4%), while nail biting was noted in 21.8%, bruxism in 17.9% and Sucking habits in 8.9%. In total, 63.8% of children who were reported by their parents to be the "only child" didn't practice any habit, and a higher prevalence of oral habits was detected in children with siblings. There was no detectable association between the mother's educational level and practicing any of the habits, although there was an association between the mother's educational level and their awareness of the harmful effect of oral habits on the child. The mothers' answers to the global rating items were not associated with any of the oral habits.
The most prevalent oral habit in the current study was the nail-biting habit. The presence of other siblings and the number of siblings were contributory factors in the occurrence of oral habits, while mothers' educational level was not associated with practicing oral habits. The mothers' awareness of the harmful effect of oral habits on the children was not satisfactory, and there was no association between oral health-related quality of life and the children's oral habits, from the mothers' perspective.
在正常年龄范围之外仍保持口腔习惯被认为是由潜在的心理障碍所致，并且可能导致口面部结构变形。处理这种健康状况的第一步是评估其程度。因此，本研究主要旨在评估埃及开罗一组5至7岁学童的口腔习惯患病率。该研究的次要目的是调查一些可能的相关预测因素以及母亲对孩子口腔健康相关生活质量的看法。
设计了一份谷歌表单问卷，利用北欧口面部测试筛查（NOT-S）的第三个领域来评估口腔习惯的有无及其类型（如果有报告的话）。此外，还有两个整体评分项目从母亲的角度测试孩子的口腔健康相关生活质量，以及一个项目询问母亲是否认为口腔习惯对孩子有害。在埃及开罗随机选择了总共23所学校，并通过社交媒体上的家长群体分发谷歌表单的链接。使用SPSS程序对所有高质量的完整回复进行分析，并构建对数二项回归模型，以确定儿童养成口腔习惯的显著预测因素。
在分析的1128份回复中，NOT-S访谈部分第三个领域的回答总数为1235份，回复率为（60.39%），635名儿童（51.4%）报告没有习惯，而咬指甲的比例为21.8%，磨牙症为17.9%，吮指习惯为8.9%。总体而言，父母报告为“独生子女”的儿童中有63.8%没有养成任何习惯，并且在有兄弟姐妹的儿童中检测到更高的口腔习惯患病率。母亲的教育水平与养成任何一种习惯之间没有可检测到的关联，尽管母亲的教育水平与她们对口腔习惯对孩子有害影响的认识之间存在关联。母亲对整体评分项目的回答与任何一种口腔习惯均无关联。
在本研究中最普遍的口腔习惯是咬指甲习惯。有其他兄弟姐妹以及兄弟姐妹的数量是养成口腔习惯的促成因素，而母亲的教育水平与养成口腔习惯无关。母亲对口腔习惯对孩子有害影响的认识并不令人满意，并且从母亲的角度来看，口腔健康相关生活质量与孩子的口腔习惯之间没有关联。
