Schnell Jaimie, Steele Marina, Bean Jordan, Neuspiel Margaret, Girard Cécile, Dormann Nataliya, Pearson Cindy, Savoie Annie, Bourbonnière Luc, Macdonald Philip
Plant and Biotechnology Risk Assessment Unit, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0Y9, Canada,
Transgenic Res. 2015 Feb;24(1):1-17. doi: 10.1007/s11248-014-9843-7. Epub 2014 Oct 26.
During genetic engineering, DNA is inserted into a plant's genome, and such insertions are often accompanied by the insertion of additional DNA, deletions and/or rearrangements. These genetic changes are collectively known as insertional effects, and they have the potential to give rise to unintended traits in plants. In addition, there are many other genetic changes that occur in plants both spontaneously and as a result of conventional breeding practices. Genetic changes similar to insertional effects occur in plants, namely as a result of the movement of transposable elements, the repair of double-strand breaks by non-homologous end-joining, and the intracellular transfer of organelle DNA. Based on this similarity, insertional effects should present a similar level of risk as these other genetic changes in plants, and it is within the context of these genetic changes that insertional effects must be considered. Increased familiarity with genetic engineering techniques and advances in molecular analysis techniques have provided us with a greater understanding of the nature and impact of genetic changes in plants, and this can be used to refine pre-market assessments of genetically engineered plants and food and feeds derived from genetically engineered plants.
在基因工程过程中，DNA被插入植物基因组，而这种插入往往伴随着额外DNA的插入、缺失和/或重排。这些基因变化统称为插入效应，它们有可能在植物中产生非预期性状。此外，植物中还会自然发生以及因传统育种实践而出现许多其他基因变化。植物中会发生与插入效应类似的基因变化，即由于转座元件的移动、通过非同源末端连接修复双链断裂以及细胞器DNA的细胞内转移。基于这种相似性，插入效应应与植物中的这些其他基因变化具有相似的风险水平，并且必须在这些基因变化的背景下考虑插入效应。对基因工程技术的日益熟悉以及分子分析技术的进步，使我们对植物基因变化的性质和影响有了更深入的了解，这可用于完善对基因工程植物以及源自基因工程植物的食品和饲料的上市前评估。
