Rebours Céline, Marinho-Soriano Eliane, Zertuche-González José A, Hayashi Leila, Vásquez Julio A, Kradolfer Paul, Soriano Gonzalo, Ugarte Raul, Abreu Maria Helena, Bay-Larsen Ingrid, Hovelsrud Grete, Rødven Rolf, Robledo Daniel
Bioforsk, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Frederik A. Dahlsvei 20, 1430 Ås, Norway ; Arctic Agriculture and Land Use Division, Bioforsk, NO-8049 Bodø, Norway.
Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Via Costeira, Praia de Mãe Luiza, s/n, Natal, RN 59014-002 Brazil.
J Appl Phycol. 2014;26(5):1939-1951. doi: 10.1007/s10811-014-0304-8. Epub 2014 May 3.
The European, Canadian, and Latin American seaweed industries rely on the sustainable harvesting of natural resources. As several countries wish to increase their activity, the harvest should be managed according to integrated and participatory governance regimes to ensure production within a long-term perspective. Development of regulations and directives enabling the sustainable exploitation of natural resources must therefore be brought to the national and international political agenda in order to ensure environmental, social, and economic values in the coastal areas around the world. In Europe, Portugal requires an appraisal of seaweed management plans while Norway and Canada have developed and implemented coastal management plans including well-established and sustainable exploitation of their natural seaweed resources. Whereas, in Latin America, different scenarios of seaweed exploitation can be observed; each country is however in need of long-term and ecosystem-based management plans to ensure that exploitation is sustainable. These plans are required particularly in Peru and Brazil, while Chile has succeeded in establishing a sustainable seaweed-harvesting plan for most of the economically important seaweeds. Furthermore, in both Europe and Latin America, seaweed aquaculture is at its infancy and development will have to overcome numerous challenges at different levels (i.e., technology, biology, policy). Thus, there is a need for regulations and establishment of "best practices" for seaweed harvesting, management, and cultivation. Trained human resources will also be required to provide information and education to the communities involved, to enable seaweed utilization to become a profitable business and provide better income opportunities to coastal communities.
欧洲、加拿大和拉丁美洲的海藻产业依赖于对自然资源的可持续捕捞。由于一些国家希望增加其产业活动，因此应根据综合和参与性治理制度来管理捕捞活动，以确保从长远角度进行生产。因此，必须将制定能够可持续开发自然资源的法规和指令提上国家和国际政治议程，以确保世界各地沿海地区的环境、社会和经济价值。在欧洲，葡萄牙要求对海藻管理计划进行评估，而挪威和加拿大已经制定并实施了沿海管理计划，包括对其自然海藻资源进行完善且可持续的开发利用。然而，在拉丁美洲，可以观察到不同的海藻开发情况；每个国家都需要基于生态系统的长期管理计划，以确保开发是可持续的。秘鲁和巴西尤其需要这些计划，而智利已成功为大多数具有经济重要性的海藻制定了可持续的海藻捕捞计划。此外，在欧洲和拉丁美洲，海藻养殖都尚处于起步阶段，其发展将不得不克服不同层面（即技术、生物学、政策）的众多挑战。因此，需要制定海藻捕捞、管理和养殖的法规并确立“最佳实践”。还需要训练有素的人力资源，为相关社区提供信息和教育，使海藻利用成为一项有利可图的业务，并为沿海社区提供更好的收入机会。
