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大剂量甲氨蝶呤治疗儿童急性白血病后的骨髓毒性受6-巯基嘌呤剂量影响,但不受硫嘌呤甲基转移酶中间活性影响。

Myelotoxicity after high-dose methotrexate in childhood acute leukemia is influenced by 6-mercaptopurine dosing but not by intermediate thiopurine methyltransferase activity.

作者信息

Levinsen Mette, Rosthøj Susanne, Nygaard Ulrikka, Heldrup Jesper, Harila-Saari Arja, Jonsson Olafur G, Bechensteen Anne Grete, Abrahamsson Jonas, Lausen Birgitte, Frandsen Thomas L, Weinshilboum Richard M, Schmiegelow Kjeld

机构信息

Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

出版信息

Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2015 Jan;75(1):59-66. doi: 10.1007/s00280-014-2613-7. Epub 2014 Oct 28.

DOI:10.1007/s00280-014-2613-7
PMID:25347948
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4446052/
Abstract

PURPOSE

Through enhancement of 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) bioavailability and inhibition of purine de novo synthesis, high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) may increase incorporation into DNA of 6-thioguanine nucleotides, the cytotoxic metabolites of 6MP. Patients with intermediate activity of thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT(IA)) have higher cytosol 6-thioguanine nucleotide levels. We investigated toxicity following HD-MTX during MTX/6MP maintenance therapy in relation to 6MP and TPMT.

METHODS

Using linear mixed models, we explored myelo- and hepatotoxicity in relation to 6MP dosage and TPMT phenotype following 1,749 HD-MTX courses to 411 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia on maintenance therapy.

RESULTS

The degree of myelosuppression following HD-MTX was similar for patients with TPMT(IA) and patients with high TPMT activity (TPMT(HA)), when HD-MTX started with same blood counts and 6MP doses. However, since TPMT(IA) had lower blood counts at initiation of HD-MTX compared with TPMT(HA) patients (median WBC 2.8 vs. 3.3 × 10⁹/L, P = 0.01; median ANC 1.4 vs. 1.7 × 10⁹/L, P = 0.02), TPMT(IA) continued to have lower WBC and ANC levels compared with TPMT(HA) during all 28 days after HD-MTX [relative difference 9 % (95 % CI 2-17), P = 0.02 and 21 % (95 % CI 6-39), P = 0.005]. Still, the fractional decrease in WBC and ANC levels after HD-MTX did not differ between TPMT(IA) and TPMT(HA) patients (P = 0.47; P = 0.38). The degree of leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and rise in aminotransferases were all significantly related to 6MP dose (P < 0.001 for all analyses).

CONCLUSION

For both TPMT(IA) and TPMT(HA) patients, dose of 6MP prior to HD-MTX should be guided by pre-HD-MTX blood counts, but not by TPMT activity.

摘要

目的

通过提高6-巯基嘌呤(6MP)的生物利用度并抑制嘌呤从头合成,高剂量甲氨蝶呤(HD-MTX)可能会增加6-硫鸟嘌呤核苷酸(6MP的细胞毒性代谢产物)掺入DNA的量。硫嘌呤甲基转移酶(TPMT)活性中等(TPMT(IA))的患者胞质内6-硫鸟嘌呤核苷酸水平较高。我们研究了在MTX/6MP维持治疗期间HD-MTX治疗后的毒性与6MP和TPMT的关系。

方法

我们使用线性混合模型,对411例接受维持治疗的急性淋巴细胞白血病儿童进行了1749个HD-MTX疗程,探讨了与6MP剂量和TPMT表型相关的骨髓毒性和肝毒性。

结果

当HD-MTX开始时血细胞计数和6MP剂量相同时,TPMT(IA)患者和TPMT高活性(TPMT(HA))患者HD-MTX后的骨髓抑制程度相似。然而,由于与TPMT(HA)患者相比,TPMT(IA)患者在HD-MTX开始时血细胞计数较低(白细胞中位数2.8对3.3×10⁹/L,P = 0.01;中性粒细胞绝对值中位数1.4对1.7×10⁹/L,P = 0.02),在HD-MTX后的所有28天内,TPMT(IA)患者的白细胞和中性粒细胞绝对值水平继续低于TPMT(HA)患者[相对差异9%(95%CI 2-17),P = 0.02;21%(95%CI 6-39),P = 0.005]。尽管如此,HD-MTX后白细胞和中性粒细胞绝对值水平的下降比例在TPMT(IA)和TPMT(HA)患者之间并无差异(P = 0.用度并抑制嘌呤从头合成,高剂量甲氨蝶呤(HD-MTX)可能会增加6-硫鸟嘌呤核苷酸(6MP的细胞毒性代谢产物)掺入DNA的量。硫嘌呤甲基转移酶(TPMT)活性中等(TPMT(IA))的患者胞质内6-硫鸟嘌呤核苷酸水平较高。我们研究了在MTX/6MP维持治疗期间HD-MTX治疗后的毒性与6MP和TPMT的关系。

方法

我们使用线性混合模型,对411例接受维持治疗的急性淋巴细胞白血病儿童进行了1749个HD-MTX疗程,探讨了与6MP剂量和TPMT表型相关的骨髓毒性和肝毒性。

结果

当HD-MTX开始时血细胞计数和6MP剂量相同时,TPMT(IA)患者和TPMT高活性(TPMT(HA))患者HD-MTX后的骨髓抑制程度相似。然而,由于与TPMT(HA)患者相比,TPMT(IA)患者在HD-MTX开始时血细胞计数较低(白细胞中位数2.8对3.3×10⁹/L,P = 0.01;中性粒细胞绝对值中位数1.4对1.7×10⁹/L,P = 0.02),在HD-MTX后的所有28天内,TPMT(IA)患者的白细胞和中性粒细胞绝对值水平继续低于TPMT(HA)患者[相对差异9%(95%CI 2-17),P = 0.02;21%(95%CI 6-39),P = 0.005]。尽管如此,HD-MTX后白细胞和中性粒细胞绝对值水平的下降比例在TPMT(IA)和TPMT(HA)患者之间并无差异(P = 0.47;P = 0.38)。白细胞减少、中性粒细胞减少、血小板减少程度以及转氨酶升高均与6MP剂量显著相关(所有分析P < 0.001)。

结论

对于TPMT(IA)和TPMT(HA)患者,HD-MTX前6MP的剂量应以HD-MTX前的血细胞计数为指导,而非TPMT活性。 47;P = 0.38)。白细胞减少、中性粒细胞减少、血小板减少程度以及转氨酶升高均与6MP剂量显著相关(所有分析P < 0.001)。

结论

对于TPMT(IA)和TPMT(HA)患者,HD-MTX前6MP的剂量应以HD-MTX前的血细胞计数为指导,而非TPMT活性。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fa14/4446052/c863b0747876/nihms691410f4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fa14/4446052/91b5a4411807/nihms691410f1.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fa14/4446052/508a4950227b/nihms691410f3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fa14/4446052/c863b0747876/nihms691410f4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fa14/4446052/91b5a4411807/nihms691410f1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fa14/4446052/349e23e5ff95/nihms691410f2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fa14/4446052/508a4950227b/nihms691410f3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fa14/4446052/c863b0747876/nihms691410f4.jpg

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