De Fockert Jan W, Leiser Jaclyn
Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London London, UK.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2014 Oct 14;8:821. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00821. eCollection 2014.
There are multiple ways in which working memory can influence selective attention. Aside from the content-specific effects of working memory on selective attention, whereby attention is more likely to be directed towards information that matches the contents of working memory, the mere level of load on working memory has also been shown to have an effect on selective attention. Specifically, high load on working memory is associated with increased processing of irrelevant information. In most demonstrations of the effect to-date, this has led to impaired target performance, leaving open the possibility that the effect partly reflects an increase in general task difficulty under high load. Here we show that working memory load can result in a performance gain when processing of distracting information aids target performance. The facilitation in the detection of a low-contrast Gabor stimulus in the presence of collinear flanking Gabors was greater when load on a concurrent working memory task was high, compared to low. This finding suggests that working memory can interact with selective attention at an early stage in visual processing.
工作记忆能够以多种方式影响选择性注意。除了工作记忆对选择性注意的内容特异性影响(即注意力更有可能指向与工作记忆内容相匹配的信息)之外,工作记忆的负荷水平也已被证明会对选择性注意产生影响。具体而言,工作记忆的高负荷与无关信息处理的增加有关。在迄今为止大多数该效应的演示中,这导致了目标任务表现受损,这使得该效应可能部分反映了高负荷下一般任务难度的增加。在此我们表明,当分心信息的处理有助于目标任务表现时,工作记忆负荷会导致表现提升。与低负荷相比,当同时进行的工作记忆任务负荷高时,在共线侧翼加博尔条纹存在的情况下,对低对比度加博尔刺激的检测促进作用更大。这一发现表明,工作记忆可以在视觉处理的早期阶段与选择性注意相互作用。