Bobiński Rafał, Mikulska Monika, Mojska Hanna, Ulman-Włodarz Izabela
Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, University of Bielsko-Biala, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, University of Bielsko-Biala, Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
Biol Res Nurs. 2015 Oct;17(5):495-502. doi: 10.1177/1099800414556529. Epub 2014 Oct 29.
The impact of diet on the health of pregnant women remains an unresolved clinical issue. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the dietary intake of mothers who gave birth to full-term infants whose sizes were appropriate for gestational age (AGA), preterm birth (PTB) infants, and full-term infants who were small for gestational age (SGA). Of the 103 women who participated, 50 gave birth to AGA infants, 30 gave birth to PTB infants, and 23 gave birth to SGA infants. The composition of each woman's diet was analyzed using a questionnaire completed 3 days post-childbirth. Findings revealed a number of differences between the groups. The percentage of energy obtained from fat and the calcium and lactose intake was all highest in Group AGA. The largest number of differences in intake of fatty acids (FAs) was observed among short- and medium-chain FAs. Lower levels of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, and C14:0 were observed in the diets of women in Group PTB than in Group AGA. C18:0 intake was also lower in Group PTB than in Group AGA. The reduced short-, medium-, and long-chain FA intake by women in Group PTB also affected the total saturated FA intake, which was lowest in that group. These findings suggest that, even in mothers giving birth to children with only slight deviations from normal birth weight or normal gestational duration, differences in diet can be identified, particularly regarding FA content, which may affect the health of the newborn.
饮食对孕妇健康的影响仍是一个尚未解决的临床问题。本研究的目的是确定并比较分娩出适于胎龄（AGA）足月儿、早产（PTB）儿以及小于胎龄（SGA）足月儿的母亲的饮食摄入量。在参与研究的103名女性中，50名分娩出AGA婴儿，30名分娩出PTB婴儿，23名分娩出SGA婴儿。使用产后3天填写的问卷分析每位女性的饮食构成。研究结果揭示了各组之间的一些差异。脂肪提供的能量百分比以及钙和乳糖摄入量在AGA组中均最高。在短链和中链脂肪酸（FAs）的摄入量方面观察到的差异最大。PTB组女性饮食中的C4:0、C6:0、C8:0、C10:0和C14:0水平低于AGA组。PTB组的C18:0摄入量也低于AGA组。PTB组女性短链、中链和长链脂肪酸摄入量的减少也影响了总饱和脂肪酸摄入量，该组的总饱和脂肪酸摄入量最低。这些发现表明，即使在分娩的孩子出生体重或孕周仅与正常有轻微偏差的母亲中，也能发现饮食差异，尤其是关于脂肪酸含量的差异，这可能会影响新生儿的健康。
