Marquié Jean-Claude, Tucker Philip, Folkard Simon, Gentil Catherine, Ansiau David
CLLE (UMR5263), Université de Toulouse-CNRS, Toulouse, France.
Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Occup Environ Med. 2015 Apr;72(4):258-64. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101993. Epub 2014 Nov 3.
Shift work, like chronic jet lag, is known to disrupt workers' normal circadian rhythms and social life, and to be associated with increased health problems (eg, ulcers, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, breast cancer, reproductive difficulties) and with acute effects on safety and productivity. However, very little is known about the long-term consequences of shift work on cognitive abilities. The aim of this study was to assess the chronicity and reversibility of the effects of shift work on cognition.
We conducted a prospective cohort study of 3232 employed and retired workers (participation rate: 76%) who were 32, 42, 52 and 62 years old at the time of the first measurement (t1, 1996), and who were seen again 5 (t2) and 10 (t3) years later. 1484 of them had shift work experience at baseline (current or past) and 1635 had not. The main outcome measures were tests of speed and memory, assessed at all three measurement times.
Shift work was associated with impaired cognition. The association was stronger for exposure durations exceeding 10 years (dose effect; cognitive loss equivalent to 6.5 years of age-related decline in the current cohort). The recovery of cognitive functioning after having left shift work took at least 5 years (reversibility).
Shift work chronically impairs cognition, with potentially important safety consequences not only for the individuals concerned, but also for society.
众所周知，轮班工作如同长期的时差反应，会扰乱工人的正常昼夜节律和社会生活，并与健康问题增多（如溃疡、心血管疾病、代谢综合征、乳腺癌、生殖困难）相关，还会对安全和生产力产生急性影响。然而，关于轮班工作对认知能力的长期影响却知之甚少。本研究的目的是评估轮班工作对认知影响的长期性和可逆性。
我们对3232名在职和退休工人进行了一项前瞻性队列研究（参与率：76%），他们在首次测量时（t1，1996年）年龄分别为32岁、42岁、52岁和62岁，并在5年后（t2）和10年后（t3）再次接受观察。其中1484人在基线时（当前或过去）有轮班工作经历，1635人没有。主要结局指标是在所有三次测量时评估的速度和记忆测试。
轮班工作与认知受损有关。暴露时长超过10年时这种关联更强（剂量效应；在当前队列中认知能力下降相当于6.5岁与年龄相关的下降）。离开轮班工作后认知功能的恢复至少需要5年（可逆性）。
轮班工作会长期损害认知，不仅对相关个体，而且对社会都可能产生重要的安全后果。
