Olmos Beatriz, Lesanovsky Igor, Garrahan Juan P
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2014 Oct;90(4):042147. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.90.042147. Epub 2014 Oct 31.
We explore the relaxation dynamics of quantum many-body systems that undergo purely dissipative dynamics through non-classical jump operators that can establish quantum coherence. Our goal is to shed light on the differences in the relaxation dynamics that arise in comparison to systems evolving via classical rate equations. In particular, we focus on a scenario where both quantum and classical dissipative evolution lead to a stationary state with the same values of diagonal or "classical" observables. As a basis for illustrating our ideas we use spin systems whose dynamics becomes correlated and complex due to dynamical constraints, inspired by kinetically constrained models (KCMs) of classical glasses. We show that in the quantum case the relaxation can be orders of magnitude slower than the classical one due to the presence of quantum coherences. Aspects of these idealized quantum KCMs become manifest in a strongly interacting Rydberg gas under electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) conditions in an appropriate limit. Beyond revealing a link between this Rydberg gas and the rather abstract dissipative KCMs of quantum glassy systems, our study sheds light on the limitations of the use of classical rate equations for capturing the non-equilibrium behavior of this many-body system.
我们研究了量子多体系统的弛豫动力学，该系统通过能够建立量子相干性的非经典跳跃算符经历纯耗散动力学。我们的目标是阐明与通过经典速率方程演化的系统相比，弛豫动力学中出现的差异。特别地，我们关注这样一种情形，即量子和经典耗散演化都导致具有相同对角或“经典”可观测量值的稳态。作为说明我们想法的基础，我们使用自旋系统，其动力学由于动力学约束而变得相关且复杂，这受到经典玻璃的动力学约束模型（KCMs）的启发。我们表明，在量子情形下，由于量子相干性的存在，弛豫可能比经典情形慢几个数量级。在适当的极限下，这些理想化的量子KCMs的一些方面在电磁诱导透明（EIT）条件下的强相互作用里德堡气体中变得明显。除了揭示这种里德堡气体与量子玻璃态系统相当抽象的耗散KCMs之间的联系外，我们的研究还阐明了使用经典速率方程来捕捉这个多体系统非平衡行为的局限性。
