Ganz Jeremy C
Prog Brain Res. 2014;215:13-23. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63520-4.00002-8.
This chapter outlines terminology and its origins. It traces the development of physics ideas from Thales of Miletus, via Isaac Newton, to the nuclear physics investigations at the beginning of the twentieth century. It also outlines the evolving technology required to make the discoveries that would form the basis of radiosurgery. Up to the 1920s, all experiments on atomic structure and radioactivity had involved the use of vacuum tubes and naturally occurring radioactive substances. There was a need to make useable subatomic particles to obtain better understanding of the interior structure of atoms. Because of this, machines that could make atoms move at high speed were invented, known as particle accelerators. A new era had dawned. There is a brief mention of the effect of radiation on living tissue and of the units used to measure it.
本章概述了术语及其起源。它追溯了物理思想从米利都的泰勒斯开始，经艾萨克·牛顿，到20世纪初核物理研究的发展历程。它还概述了为做出将成为放射外科基础的发现所需要的不断发展的技术。到20世纪20年代，所有关于原子结构和放射性的实验都涉及真空管和天然存在的放射性物质的使用。需要制造可用的亚原子粒子以更好地了解原子的内部结构。因此，发明了能使原子高速运动的机器，即粒子加速器。一个新时代已经来临。文中简要提及了辐射对活组织的影响以及用于测量辐射的单位。
