Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, and.
Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2014 Feb;2:209-33. doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022513-114156. Epub 2013 Oct 18.
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is an often lethal infection of many species in the order Artiodactyla. It is caused by members of the MCF virus group within Gammaherpesvirinae. MCF is a worldwide problem and has a significant economic impact on highly disease-susceptible hosts, such as cattle, bison, and deer. Several epidemiologic forms of MCF, defined by the reservoir ruminant species from which the causative virus arises, are recognized. Wildebeest-associated MCF (WA-MCF) and sheep-associated MCF (SA-MCF) are the most prevalent and well-studied forms of the disease. Historical understanding of MCF is largely based on WA-MCF, in which the causative virus can be propagated in vitro. Characterization of SA-MCF has been constrained because the causative agent has never been successfully propagated in vitro. Development of molecular tools has enabled more definitive studies on SA-MCF. The current understanding of MCF, including its etiological agents, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention, is the subject of the present review.
恶性卡他热（MCF）是偶蹄目动物的许多物种中经常发生的致命感染。它由γ疱疹病毒亚科 MCF 病毒群中的成员引起。MCF 是一个全球性问题，对高度易患疾病的宿主（如牛、野牛和鹿）具有重大的经济影响。已经认识到几种由引起致病病毒的储备反刍动物物种定义的 MCF 流行病学形式。与角马相关的 MCF（WA-MCF）和与绵羊相关的 MCF（SA-MCF）是该疾病最常见和研究最充分的形式。对 MCF 的历史认识在很大程度上基于 WA-MCF，在 WA-MCF 中可以在体外繁殖致病病毒。由于致病因子从未在体外成功繁殖，因此对 SA-MCF 的特征描述受到限制。分子工具的发展使对 SA-MCF 的更明确研究成为可能。本综述讨论了 MCF 的当前理解，包括其病因、流行病学、发病机制和预防。
