Wells J E, Berry E D, Guerini M N, Varel V H
U. S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA-ARS, Clay Center, NE, USA.
J Appl Microbiol. 2015 Feb;118(2):295-304. doi: 10.1111/jam.12689. Epub 2014 Dec 29.
To evaluate natural terpene compounds for antimicrobial activities and determine whether these compounds could be used to control microbial activities and pathogens in production animal facilities.
Thymol, geraniol, glydox, linalool, pine oil, plinol and terpineol were tested in laboratory studies for ability to control the production of odorous volatile fatty acid compounds and reduce pathogen levels in manure slurry preparations. Thymol is a terpene phenolic compound and was most effective for reducing fermentation products and pathogen levels (P < 0.05), followed by the extracts linalool, pine oil and terpineol, which are terpene alcohols. Select compounds thymol, linalool and pine oil were further evaluated in two separate studies by applying the agents to feedlot surfaces in cattle pens. Feedlot surface material (FSM; manure and soil) was collected and analysed for fermentation products, levels of coliforms and total Escherichia coli, and the presence of E. coli O157:H7, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Listeria and L. monocytogenes. The reduction in fermentation products but not pathogens was dependent on the moisture present in the FSM. Treatment with 2000 ppm thymol reduced the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 but not Listeria. In a separate study, treatment with 4000 ppm pine oil reduced E. coli O157:H7, Listeria and Campylobacter (P < 0.05). Linalool was tested at two levels (2000 and 4000 ppm) and did not affect pathogen levels at either concentration.
Natural compounds bearing terpenes can control pathogenic bacteria in treated manures and when applied to the feedlot surface in production cattle systems. Pine oil is a cheaper alternative to thymol and may be a useful treatment for controlling pathogens.
The control of bacterial pathogens in animal productions systems is an important step in preharvest food safety. Waste products, such as pine oil extract, from the pulp wood industry may have application for treating feedlot pens and manures to reduce the pathogen load.
评估天然萜类化合物的抗菌活性，并确定这些化合物是否可用于控制生产动物设施中的微生物活动和病原体。
在实验室研究中测试了百里香酚、香叶醇、乙二醛、芳樟醇、松油、松醇和萜品醇控制有气味挥发性脂肪酸化合物产生以及降低粪便浆液制剂中病原体水平的能力。百里香酚是一种萜类酚类化合物，对减少发酵产物和病原体水平最有效（P<0.05），其次是萜类醇类提取物芳樟醇、松油和萜品醇。通过将百里香酚、芳樟醇和松油等选定化合物应用于牛舍的饲养场表面，在两项单独的研究中进行了进一步评估。收集饲养场表面材料（FSM；粪便和土壤）并分析其发酵产物、大肠菌群和总大肠杆菌水平，以及大肠杆菌O157:H7、弯曲杆菌、沙门氏菌、李斯特菌和产单核细胞李斯特菌的存在情况。发酵产物的减少而非病原体的减少取决于FSM中的水分含量。用2000 ppm百里香酚处理可降低大肠杆菌O157:H7的流行率，但对李斯特菌无效。在另一项研究中，用4000 ppm松油处理可降低大肠杆菌O157:H7、李斯特菌和弯曲杆菌（P<0.05）。对芳樟醇进行了两个浓度水平（2000和4000 ppm）的测试，两种浓度均未影响病原体水平。
含萜类的天然化合物可控制处理过的粪便中的病原菌，并应用于生产牛系统的饲养场表面时也有此作用。松油是比百里香酚更便宜的替代品，可能是控制病原体的有效处理方法。
控制动物生产系统中的细菌病原体是收获前食品安全的重要一步。纸浆木材工业的废弃物，如松油提取物，可能可用于处理饲养场围栏和粪便以减少病原体负荷。
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