Oppitz Isabel Nunes, Cesar Juraci Almeida, Neumann Nelson Arns
School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
National Coordinating Committee of the Child Pastorate Programme, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2014 Dec;17(4):860-72. doi: 10.1590/1809-4503201400040006.
To measure the prevalence and to identify factors associated with overweight among children under five years old living in two municipalities in the semiarid region of Piauí, Brazil.
Previously trained interviewers visited all of the households in these municipalities and applied standard questionnaires to the mothers of the children. The questionnaires sought information on: the demographic characteristics of the mother and children, the family's socioeconomic status, care received during pregnancy and at childbirth, breastfeeding and dietary patterns. Overweight (>+ 1 standard deviation from the median to the reference population) was calculated transforming body mass index into Z scores, according to the standard by the World Health Organization (WHO). The statistical analysis was performed using Poisson regression with robust adjustment of variance.
The prevalence of overweight among the 1,640 children evaluated was of 30.2% (95%CI 27.9 - 32.4). This prevalence varied from 13.2% among children born weighing less than 2,500 g to 43.4% among those aged 12 to 23 months. Adjusted analysis showed that the prevalence ratios (PR) for overweight in children aged 48 to 59 months was 1.42 (1.07 - 1.86) for overweight compared to those aged between 0 and 11 months, whereas children pertaining to the highest quartile income showed PR = 1.44 (1.17 - 1.76) when compared to the lowest quartile. Finally, children born with weight ≥ 3500 g, the PR for overweight was 2.32 (1.33 - 4.05) in relation to those born with low weight (< 2500 g).
Even in the semiarid region, the prevalence of overweight is high, and the need for early intervention to change this situation seems to be evident.
测量巴西皮奥伊州半干旱地区两个市五岁以下儿童超重的患病率，并确定与之相关的因素。
经过预先培训的访员走访了这些市的所有家庭，并向儿童的母亲发放了标准问卷。问卷询问了以下信息：母亲和儿童的人口统计学特征、家庭的社会经济状况、孕期和分娩时接受的护理、母乳喂养和饮食模式。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的标准，将体重指数转换为Z评分来计算超重情况（高于参考人群中位数1个标准差以上）。采用泊松回归并对方差进行稳健调整进行统计分析。
在评估的1640名儿童中，超重患病率为30.2%（95%可信区间27.9 - 32.4）。这种患病率从出生体重低于2500克的儿童中的13.2%到12至23个月儿童中的43.4%不等。校正分析显示，48至59个月儿童超重的患病率比值（PR）为1.42（1.07 - 1.86），与0至11个月儿童相比；而收入处于最高四分位数的儿童与最低四分位数儿童相比，PR = 1.44（1.17 - 1.76）。最后，出生体重≥3500克的儿童，超重的PR为2.32（1.33 - 4.05），相对于低体重（<2500克）出生的儿童。
即使在半干旱地区，超重患病率也很高，因此显然需要进行早期干预以改变这种状况。
