Lima Ila F N, Havt Alexandre, Lima Aldo A M
Institute of Biomedicine for Brazilian Semi-Arid and Clinical Research Unit (IBISAB/UPC), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2015 Jan;31(1):30-7. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000136.
Shigella spp. are important etiologic agents of diarrhea worldwide. This review summarizes the recent findings on the epidemiology, diagnosis, virulence genes, and pathobiology of Shigella infection.
Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei have been identified as the main serogroups circulating in developing and developed countries, respectively. However, a shift in the dominant species from S. flexneri to S. sonnei has been observed in countries that have experienced recent improvements in socioeconomic conditions. Despite the increasing usage of molecular methods in the diagnosis and virulence characterization of Shigella strains, researchers have been unsuccessful in finding a specific target gene for this bacillus. New research has demonstrated the role of proteins whose expressions are temperature-regulated, as well as genes involved in the processes of adhesion, invasion, dissemination, and inflammation, aiding in the clarification of the complex pathobiology of shigellosis.
Knowledge about the epidemiologic profile of circulating serogroups of Shigella and an understanding of its pathobiology as well as of the virulence genes is important for the development of preventive measures and interventions to reduce the worldwide spread of shigellosis.
志贺氏菌属是全球腹泻的重要病原体。本综述总结了志贺氏菌感染在流行病学、诊断、毒力基因和病理生物学方面的最新研究结果。
福氏志贺氏菌和宋内志贺氏菌分别被确定为在发展中国家和发达国家传播的主要血清群。然而，在社会经济状况近期有所改善的国家，已观察到优势菌种从福氏志贺氏菌向宋内志贺氏菌的转变。尽管分子方法在志贺氏菌菌株的诊断和毒力特征分析中的应用日益广泛，但研究人员尚未成功找到该杆菌的特定靶基因。新的研究表明了表达受温度调节的蛋白质以及参与黏附、侵袭、播散和炎症过程的基因的作用，有助于阐明志贺氏菌病复杂的病理生物学机制。
了解志贺氏菌流行血清群的流行病学概况、其病理生物学以及毒力基因，对于制定预防措施和干预手段以减少志贺氏菌病在全球的传播至关重要。
