Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Phytother Res. 2015 Mar;29(3):323-31. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5256. Epub 2014 Nov 13.
Inflammation and oxidative stress are two major causes of various life-threatening diseases. Hesperidin (Hsd) and its aglycone, hesperetin (Hst), are two flavonoids from citrus species that have numerous biological properties, particularly antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. New findings showed that the antioxidant activity of Hsd/Hst was not only limited to its radical scavenging activity, but it augmented the antioxidant cellular defenses via the ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway as well. Various in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted to evaluate Hsd, its metabolites, or its synthetic derivatives at reducing inflammatory targets including NF-κB, iNOS, and COX-2, and the markers of chronic inflammation. In this review, new findings regarding the molecular targets of Hsd and Hst in the reduction of oxidative stress are discussed. Also, in the anti-inflammatory section, we provide a summary of significant investigations concerning the mechanisms of action based on the studied inflammation models.
炎症和氧化应激是导致各种危及生命疾病的两个主要原因。橙皮苷（Hsd）及其苷元橙皮素（Hst）是来自柑橘属植物的两种类黄酮，具有许多生物学特性，特别是抗氧化和抗炎作用。新的研究结果表明，Hsd/Hst 的抗氧化活性不仅限于其自由基清除活性，而且还通过 ERK/Nrf2 信号通路增强了抗氧化细胞防御。已经进行了各种体外和体内研究，以评估 Hsd、其代谢物或其合成衍生物在降低炎症靶点（包括 NF-κB、iNOS 和 COX-2）和慢性炎症标志物方面的作用。在本综述中，讨论了 Hsd 和 Hst 在降低氧化应激方面的分子靶标方面的新发现。此外，在抗炎部分，我们根据所研究的炎症模型，对基于作用机制的重要研究进行了总结。
