Li Lu, Wang Qiaona, Cao Ying, Li Jianmei, Wu Yulong, Hua Chun, Zhou Feng, Li Shengjie, Liu Su
School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China.
Front Nutr. 2025 Jul 23;12:1621848. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1621848. eCollection 2025.
Polyphenols, recognized as nutritional supplements, have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for various diseases, particularly brain disorders. However, due to the limitation of the extraction method, residues (AR) retain substantial bound phenolics with unexplored neuronal antioxidant activity.
In this study, free, esterified, and bound phenolic compounds were sequentially extracted from AR. Specific compounds in the three phenolic fractions were identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and categorized into phenolic acids, flavonoids, and isoflavonoids. Antioxidant efficacy was comparatively evaluated through free radical-scavenging assays, ferric reducing antioxidant power assays, and neuroprotective assessments using PC12 cell models.
The insoluble-bound fraction had the highest total phenolic content, followed by free and esterified phenolics. Bound phenolic compounds contained the highest amounts of flavonoids. The bound phenolic fraction demonstrated superior comprehensive antioxidant capacity. An neuroprotective assessment using HO-stimulated PC12 neuronal cells demonstrated that the bound phenolic fractions significantly relieved oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase and a reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde compared to untreated controls. Bound phenolics in AR also reduced the expression of oxidative stress-related genes in PC12 cells.
This study suggests that BP in AR may benefit neurological and brain health as potential nutritional therapies.
多酚类物质被认为是营养补充剂，已成为治疗各种疾病，尤其是脑部疾病的有前景的治疗剂。然而，由于提取方法的局限性，提取物（AR）中仍保留了大量具有未探索的神经元抗氧化活性的结合酚类物质。
在本研究中，从AR中依次提取游离、酯化和结合酚类化合物。使用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用技术鉴定了三种酚类组分中的特定化合物，并将其分类为酚酸、黄酮类化合物和异黄酮类化合物。通过自由基清除试验、铁还原抗氧化能力试验以及使用PC12细胞模型的神经保护评估对抗氧化效果进行了比较评价。
不溶性结合组分的总酚含量最高，其次是游离酚和酯化酚。结合酚类化合物中黄酮类化合物含量最高。结合酚类组分表现出卓越的综合抗氧化能力。使用过氧化氢刺激的PC12神经元细胞进行的神经保护评估表明，与未处理的对照组相比，结合酚类组分显著减轻了氧化应激，超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶增加，细胞内活性氧和丙二醛减少证明了这一点。AR中的结合酚类物质还降低了PC12细胞中氧化应激相关基因的表达。
本研究表明，AR中的结合酚类物质作为潜在的营养疗法可能有益于神经和大脑健康。
