Ohmann H B, Campos M, Fitzpatrick D R, Rapin N, Babiuk L A
Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
J Virol. 1989 May;63(5):1916-23. doi: 10.1128/JVI.63.5.1916-1923.1989.
Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes (PMN) have been implicated as playing a role in antiviral defense. In addition to having phagocytic and cytotoxic activities, PMN may produce an antiviral substance with interferon (IFN)-like activity. The product, for which the name polyferon (PF) has been coined, is produced upon direct encounter of PMN with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1)-infected bovine cells or membranes thereof. Exposure to purified virus only does not induce PF. The intimate interaction between PMN and the membranes was also revealed by electron microscopy studies. Bovine cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 could also induce PF production by bovine PMN, whereas cells infected with BHV-2, herpes simplex virus type 2, equine herpesvirus 1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, or parainfluenza virus 3 were unable to do so. Results obtained in experiments using transfected cells expressing BHV-1 glycoproteins as well as blocking experiments using BHV-1 glycoprotein-monospecific antibodies suggested that a combination of both viral product(s) and host cell factor(s) unique to bovine cells is required for induction of PF production by PMN. PF, which appeared in detectable amounts 12 to 18 h after exposure of PMN to the appropriate inducer, could not be neutralized by antibodies to bovine IFN-alpha, -beta, and -gamma. PF may nevertheless belong to the IFN family of proteins, as indicated by its ability to induce 2',5'-oligoadenyl synthetase in various cell types that are responsive to bovine IFNs and by its antiviral spectrum. It does, however, differ from the other cytokines in most immunological characteristics tested so far, including major histocompatibility complex class II antigen induction, cell migration, and cytotoxicity.
多形核嗜中性粒细胞（PMN）被认为在抗病毒防御中发挥作用。除了具有吞噬和细胞毒性活性外，PMN可能产生一种具有干扰素（IFN）样活性的抗病毒物质。这种产物被命名为多聚干扰素（PF），是PMN与感染牛疱疹病毒1型（BHV-1）的牛细胞或其膜直接接触后产生的。仅暴露于纯化病毒不会诱导PF产生。电子显微镜研究也揭示了PMN与膜之间的紧密相互作用。感染1型单纯疱疹病毒的牛细胞也能诱导牛PMN产生PF，而感染BHV-2、2型单纯疱疹病毒、马疱疹病毒1型、牛呼吸道合胞病毒、牛病毒性腹泻病毒或3型副流感病毒的细胞则不能。使用表达BHV-1糖蛋白的转染细胞进行的实验以及使用BHV-1糖蛋白单特异性抗体进行的阻断实验结果表明，PMN诱导产生PF需要病毒产物和牛细胞特有的宿主细胞因子的共同作用。PMN在暴露于适当诱导剂后12至18小时出现可检测量的PF，牛IFN-α、-β和-γ抗体不能中和PF。然而，PF可能属于蛋白质的IFN家族，这从其在对牛IFN有反应的各种细胞类型中诱导2',5'-寡腺苷酸合成酶的能力及其抗病毒谱可以看出。然而，在迄今为止测试的大多数免疫特性方面，包括主要组织相容性复合体II类抗原诱导、细胞迁移和细胞毒性，它与其他细胞因子不同。
