Waterlot Christophe, Douay Francis
Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France,
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Apr;22(8):6164-75. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-3829-0. Epub 2014 Nov 18.
Emissions from primary lead smelters have been recognized as one of the mainly factor which has contributed to the contamination of soils by metals. Less attention has been paid to volatile metalloids such as arsenic (As) which accompanies lead (Pb) smelting activities. One of the objectives of this study was to determine the As concentrations in various extracting solutions using a collection of urban soils located no far away from two former Pb and zinc plants in the North of France. The procedure for the determination of As, As(III), and As(V) with hydride vapor generator atomic absorption spectrometry was described in details. Pseudo-total concentrations of As in the studied soils ranged from 5.3 to 65.9 mg kg(-1). Good correlations were found between As and lead, zinc, and cadmium concentrations in soils. These depended on the soil uses and the soil distance from the source of contamination. Because the form of As may pose a health risk to human population, its speciation was determined in each urban top soils. Very good correlations were found between As(III) and As(V) versus As concentrations in soils studied, but the results did no permit to establish a relation between the location of soils and their uses. In contrast, it was shown that the highest mobility factor and lowest partitioning index values were related to the location. The mobilty of As depended on the assimilated phosphorus (P), carbonate contents, and pH. The percentages of the water-extractable As concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 3.0% of the As concentrations in soils. Very good positive correlations between water-extractable As(III) and As(V) versus water-extractable As concentrations were obtained. It was shown that the water-extractable As(III) concentrations depended on the soil uses. The results revealed that soils for which the As was the most mobile presented the highest water-extractable As concentrations. Principal component analysis indicated that mechanisms related to the release of As depended on the physico-chemical parameters of the soils, particularly on the assimilated P, organic matter, and/or iron oxides/hydroxides contents. Finally, the glasshouse experiments using ryegrass as plant model and three soils with similar physico-chemical parameters with regard to the PCA analysis showed that the water extracting solution could be a good indicator to evaluate the As phytoavailability.
原生铅冶炼厂的排放已被公认为是导致土壤金属污染的主要因素之一。人们对铅（Pb）冶炼活动中伴生的挥发性类金属如砷（As）关注较少。本研究的目标之一是，利用法国北部距离两家 former Pb 和锌厂不远的城市土壤样本，测定各种提取液中的 As 浓度。详细描述了使用氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测定 As、As(III) 和 As(V) 的步骤。研究土壤中 As 的准全量浓度范围为 5.3 至 65.9 mg kg(-1)。土壤中 As 与铅、锌和镉的浓度之间存在良好的相关性。这些相关性取决于土壤用途以及土壤与污染源的距离。由于 As 的形态可能对人类健康构成风险，因此在每个城市表层土壤中测定了其形态。在所研究的土壤中，As(III) 和 As(V) 与 As 浓度之间发现了非常好的相关性，但结果无法确定土壤位置与其用途之间的关系。相反，结果表明，最高的迁移因子和最低的分配指数值与位置有关。As 的迁移取决于同化磷（P）、碳酸盐含量和 pH 值。水溶态 As 浓度占土壤中 As 浓度的百分比范围为 0.3%至 3.0%。水溶态 As(III) 和 As(V) 与水溶态 As 浓度之间获得了非常好的正相关。结果表明，水溶态 As(III) 浓度取决于土壤用途。结果显示，As 迁移性最强的土壤呈现出最高的水溶态 As 浓度。主成分分析表明，与 As 释放相关的机制取决于土壤的物理化学参数，特别是同化 P、有机质和/或铁氧化物/氢氧化物含量。最后，以黑麦草为植物模型，针对主成分分析选取了三种理化参数相似的土壤进行温室试验，结果表明水提取液可能是评估 As 植物有效性的良好指标。
