Ashino Yugo, Chagan-Yasutan Haorile, Egawa Shinichi, Hattori Toshio
1Division of Disaster-Related Infectious Disease,International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS),Tohoku University,Sendai,Japan.
2Division of International Cooperation for Disaster Medicine,IRIDeS,Tohoku University,Sendai,Japan.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2015 Feb;9(1):74-8. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2014.130. Epub 2014 Nov 17.
The current outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) is due to a lack of resources, untrained medical personnel, and the specific contact-mediated type of infection of this virus. In Japan's history, education and mass vaccination of the native Ainu people successfully eradicated epidemics of smallpox. Even though a zoonotic virus is hard to control, appropriate precautions and personal protection, as well as anti-symptomatic treatment, will control the outbreak of EVD. Ebola virus utilizes the antibody-dependent enhancement of infection to seed the cells of various organs. The pathogenesis of EVD is due to the cytokine storm of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the lack of antiviral interferon-α2. Matricellular proteins of galectin-9 and osteopontin might also be involved in the edema and abnormality of the coagulation system in EVD. Anti-fibrinolytic treatment will be effective. In the era of globalization, interviews of travelers with fever within 3 weeks of departure from the affected areas will be necessary. Not only the hospitals designated for specific biohazards but every hospital should be aware of the biology of biohazards and establish measures to protect both patients and the community.
当前埃博拉病毒病（EVD）的爆发是由于资源匮乏、医务人员未经培训以及该病毒特定的接触介导感染类型所致。在日本历史上，对当地阿伊努人的教育和大规模疫苗接种成功根除了天花疫情。尽管人畜共患病毒难以控制，但适当的预防措施、个人防护以及对症治疗将控制埃博拉病毒病的爆发。埃博拉病毒利用抗体依赖的感染增强作用侵入各种器官的细胞。埃博拉病毒病的发病机制是由于促炎细胞因子的细胞因子风暴以及抗病毒干扰素-α2的缺乏。半乳糖凝集素-9和骨桥蛋白等基质细胞蛋白也可能与埃博拉病毒病的水肿和凝血系统异常有关。抗纤维蛋白溶解治疗将是有效的。在全球化时代，有必要对离开疫区3周内出现发热症状的旅行者进行询问。不仅是指定处理特定生物危害的医院，每家医院都应了解生物危害的生物学特性，并制定保护患者和社区的措施。
