Muckelbauer Rebecca, Barbosa Clarissa Lage, Mittag Tamara, Burkhardt Kimberly, Mikelaishvili Nino, Müller-Nordhorn Jacqueline
Berlin School of Public Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014 Dec;22(12):2462-75. doi: 10.1002/oby.20911.
Water is recommended to replace sugar-containing beverages for prevention of childhood obesity. Because this recommendation is not evidence-based yet, the existing evidence on the association between water consumption and body weight outcomes was summarized.
In a systematic review, studies were retrieved from four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane) and further search methods. Studies including children aged 2-19 years on the association between water consumption and any body weight-related outcome were eligible.
Out of 3,023 retrieved records, 13 studies were included: four longitudinal and nine cross-sectional studies. One cross-sectional analysis in one longitudinal study was additionally included, resulting in ten cross-sectional analyses. One non-randomized controlled study and two observational longitudinal studies showed that increased water consumption reduced the risk of overweight or body mass index. Another observational longitudinal study did not indicate this association. Six cross-sectional analyses found a direct association between water consumption and at least one body weight outcome. Four cross-sectional analyses did not show any association.
On the cross-sectional level, higher water consumption seems to be associated with higher weight status. In contrast, longitudinal studies suggest a weight-reducing effect of water consumption, but evidence for a causal association is still low.
建议用水替代含糖饮料以预防儿童肥胖。由于这一建议尚无循证依据，因此对现有关于饮水与体重结果之间关联的证据进行了总结。
在一项系统评价中，从四个电子数据库（MEDLINE、EMBASE、CINAHL、Cochrane）及其他检索方法中检索研究。纳入的研究对象为2至19岁儿童，研究内容为饮水与任何体重相关结果之间的关联。
在检索到的3023条记录中，纳入了13项研究：4项纵向研究和9项横断面研究。另外纳入了一项纵向研究中的一项横断面分析，从而得到10项横断面分析。一项非随机对照研究和两项观察性纵向研究表明，增加饮水量可降低超重或体重指数的风险。另一项观察性纵向研究未显示出这种关联。六项横断面分析发现饮水与至少一项体重结果之间存在直接关联。四项横断面分析未显示出任何关联。
在横断面水平上，较高的饮水量似乎与较高的体重状况相关。相比之下，纵向研究表明饮水具有减轻体重的作用，但因果关联的证据仍然不足。
