Antero-Jacquemin Juliana, Desgorces François Deni, Dor Frédéric, Sedeaud Adrien, Haïda Amal, LeVan Philippe, Toussaint Jean-François
Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidemiologie du Sport (IRMES), Institut National du Sport de l'Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, EA 7329, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidemiologie du Sport (IRMES), Institut National du Sport de l'Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP), Paris, France.
PLoS One. 2014 Nov 17;9(11):e113362. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113362. eCollection 2014.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Strenuous endurance training required to participate in the highest sports level has been associated with deleterious effects on elite athletes' health and cardiac abnormalities. We aimed to describe overall mortality and main causes of deaths of male French rowers participating in at least one Olympic Game (OG) from 1912 to 2012 in comparison with the French general population.
Identity information and vital status of French Olympic rowers were validated by National sources from 1912 to 2013 (study's endpoint) among 203 rowers; 52 out of 255 (20.3%) were excluded because their vital statuses could not be confirmed. Main causes of deaths were obtained from the National registry from 1968 up to 2012. Overall and disease-specific mortalities were calculated through standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The overall mortality was calculated for the whole rowers' cohort (PT) and for two periods apart: (P1) including rowers from 1912 to 1936 OG, a cohort in which all rowers have deceased and (P2) considering rowers from 1948 to 2012 OG.
Among the 203 rowers analysed, 46 died before the study's endpoint, mainly from neoplasms (33%), cardiovascular diseases (21%) and external causes (18%). PT demonstrates a significant 42% lower overall mortality (SMR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.43-0.78, p<0.001), P1 a 37% reduction (SMR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43-0.89, p = 0.009) and P2 a 60% reduction (SMR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.23-0.65, p<0.001) compared with their compatriots. Mortality due to cardiovascular diseases is significantly reduced (SMR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.16-0.84, p = 0.01) among rowers.
French Olympic rowers benefit of lower overall mortality compared with the French general population. Among rowers' main causes of death, cardiovascular diseases are reduced in relation to their compatriots. Analytical studies with larger samples are needed to understand the reasons for such reductions.
背景/目的：参加最高体育水平赛事所需的高强度耐力训练与精英运动员的健康问题及心脏异常的有害影响相关。我们旨在描述1912年至2012年期间至少参加过一届奥运会（OG）的法国男性赛艇运动员的总体死亡率及主要死因，并与法国普通人群进行比较。
1912年至2013年（研究终点）期间，法国国家相关部门对203名奥运赛艇运动员的身份信息和生命状态进行了核实；255名运动员中有52名（20.3%）被排除，因为他们的生命状态无法得到确认。主要死因来自1968年至2012年的国家登记处。通过标准化死亡率（SMR）及其95%置信区间（CI）计算总体死亡率和特定疾病死亡率。对整个赛艇运动员队列（PT）以及两个不同时期分别计算总体死亡率：（P1）包括1912年至1936年奥运会的赛艇运动员，该队列中的所有运动员均已去世；（P2）考虑1948年至2012年奥运会的赛艇运动员。
在分析的203名赛艇运动员中，46人在研究终点前死亡，主要死因是肿瘤（33%）、心血管疾病（21%）和外部原因（18%）。PT队列的总体死亡率显著降低42%（SMR：0.58，95%CI：0.43 - 0.78，p<0.001），P1队列降低37%（SMR：0.63，95%CI：0.43 - 0.89，p = 0.009），P2队列降低60%（SMR：0.40，95%CI：0.23 - 0.65，p<0.001），与他们的法国同胞相比。赛艇运动员中心血管疾病导致的死亡率显著降低（SMR：0.41，95%CI：0.16 - 0.84，p = 0.01）。
与法国普通人群相比，法国奥运赛艇运动员的总体死亡率较低。在赛艇运动员的主要死因中，心血管疾病导致的死亡率相对于其法国同胞有所降低。需要进行更大样本的分析研究来了解这种降低的原因。
