Ju Hong, Jones Mark, Mishra Gita D
Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Research, School of Population Health, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Tob Control. 2016 Mar;25(2):195-202. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051920. Epub 2014 Nov 17.
To investigate the association of cigarette smoking at baseline and trajectories of dysmenorrhoea in a large sample of Australian women.
A prospective cohort study.
Australian (population-based survey).
A total of 9067 young women, with at least three measures of dysmenorrhoea, randomly sampled from the national Medicare database and followed up from 2000 to 2012.
Trajectories of dysmenorrhoea.
At baseline, approximately 25% reported dysmenorrhoea and 26% were current smokers. Four trajectory groups were identified for dysmenorrhoea: normative (42%), late onset (11%), recovering (33%) and chronic (14%), with the chronic group showing high probabilities of reporting dysmenorrhoea over time. Compared with never-smokers, a significantly higher odds of being in the chronic group was detected for smokers, with ORs being 1.33 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.68) for ex-smokers and 1.41 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.70) for current smokers, after adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle and reproductive factors. An inverse relationship was identified for earlier age of smoking initiation, with the respective ORs of 1.59 (95% CI 1.18 to 2.15), 1.50 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.90) and 1.26 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.55) for initiation of smoking ≤13, 14-15 or ≥16 years. No consistent relationship was evident between smoking behaviour and the odds of being in the other trajectory groups.
Smoking and early initiation of smoking are associated with increased risk of chronic dysmenorrhoea. The immediate adverse health effects of smoking provide further support for smoking prevention programme to target young women, especially teenagers.
在大量澳大利亚女性样本中，研究基线时吸烟与痛经轨迹之间的关联。
一项前瞻性队列研究。
澳大利亚（基于人群的调查）。
从国家医疗保险数据库中随机抽取的9067名年轻女性，她们至少有三次痛经测量数据，并在2000年至2012年期间接受随访。
痛经轨迹。
在基线时，约25%的人报告有痛经，26%为当前吸烟者。确定了痛经的四个轨迹组：正常（42%）、迟发型（11%）、恢复型（33%）和慢性型（14%），慢性组随着时间推移报告痛经的可能性较高。与从不吸烟者相比，吸烟者处于慢性组的几率显著更高，在调整社会人口统计学、生活方式和生殖因素后，既往吸烟者的比值比为1.33（95%可信区间1.05至1.68），当前吸烟者为1.41（95%可信区间1.17至1.70）。发现吸烟起始年龄与风险呈负相关，吸烟起始年龄≤13岁、14 - 15岁或≥16岁时，相应的比值比分别为1.59（95%可信区间1.18至2.15）、1.50（95%可信区间1.18至1.90）和1.26（95%可信区间1.03至1.55）。吸烟行为与其他轨迹组的几率之间没有明显的一致关系。
吸烟和早期开始吸烟与慢性痛经风险增加有关。吸烟对健康的直接不良影响为针对年轻女性，尤其是青少年的吸烟预防计划提供了进一步支持。
