Flannery Raymond B
Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, 1493 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA,
Psychiatr Q. 2015 Jun;86(2):261-7. doi: 10.1007/s11126-014-9329-z.
Responding to critical incidents may result in 5.9-22% of first responders developing psychological trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder. These impacts may be physical, mental, and/or behavioral. This population remains at risk, given the daily occurrence of critical incidents. Current treatments, primarily focused on combat and rape victims, have included single and double interventions, which have proven helpful to some but not all victims and one standard of care has remained elusive. However, even though the need is established, research on the treatment interventions of first responders has been limited. Given the multiplicity of impacts from psychological trauma and the inadequacies of responder treatment intervention research thus far, this paper proposes a paradigmatic shift from single/double treatment interventions to a multi-modal approach to first responder victim needs. A conceptual framework based on psychological trauma is presented and possible multi-modal interventions selected from the limited, extant first responder research are utilized to illustrate how the approach would work and to encourage clinical and experimental research into first responder treatment needs.
应对重大事件可能导致5.9%至22%的急救人员出现心理创伤和创伤后应激障碍。这些影响可能是身体上的、精神上的和/或行为上的。鉴于重大事件每天都在发生，这一群体仍然面临风险。目前的治疗主要针对战斗和强奸受害者，包括单一和双重干预措施，这些措施已被证明对一些但并非所有受害者有帮助，而一种标准的治疗方法仍然难以确定。然而，尽管需求已经明确，但关于急救人员治疗干预措施的研究仍然有限。鉴于心理创伤的多种影响以及迄今为止急救人员治疗干预研究的不足，本文提出从单一/双重治疗干预向多模式方法的范式转变，以满足急救人员受害者的需求。本文提出了一个基于心理创伤的概念框架，并利用从有限的现有急救人员研究中选择的可能的多模式干预措施，来说明该方法将如何发挥作用，并鼓励针对急救人员治疗需求的临床和实验研究。
