中国社区卫生工作者实际与期望的工作场所特征与工作满意度之间的关系：一项横断面研究。
Relationships between actual and desired workplace characteristics and job satisfaction for community health workers in China: a cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Li Li, Zhang Zhong, Sun Zhinan, Zhou Hao, Liu Xinyan, Li Heng, Fan Lihua, Coyte Peter C
机构信息
Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
English Department, School of Humanities and Social Science, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
出版信息
BMC Fam Pract. 2014 Nov 18;15:180. doi: 10.1186/s12875-014-0180-y.
BACKGROUND
Community health workers are the main providers of community health services in China and have been important in the process of health system reform that has been in place since 2009. Therefore, it is critical that healthcare managers and policy decision makers motivate current staff and improve their job satisfaction. This study examined workplace characteristics and their contribution to job satisfaction in community health workers in Heilongjiang Province, China.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey of 448 community health workers, from three cities in Heilongjiang province, was conducted between October 1, 2012 and December 31, 2012. Multistage sampling procedures were used to measure socioeconomic and demographic status, job satisfaction, and both actual and desired workplace characteristics. Factor analysis was conducted to determine the main factors contributing to workplace characteristics, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the key determinants of job satisfaction.
RESULTS
Eight groups of factors were identified as the most important workplace characteristics. These comprised system and policy; fringe benefits; work itself; work relationships; professional development; recognition; work environment; and remuneration. In all cases, all desired workplace characteristics were higher than the associated actual workplace characteristics. The main determinants of job satisfaction were occupation, years worked in health service institution, and five subscales representing the gap between desired and actual workplace characteristics, which were system and policy; fringe benefits; working relationship; professional development; and remuneration.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggested that managers wishing to enhance job satisfaction should assess workplace characteristics comprehensively and design mechanisms that reduce the gap between actual and desired workplace characteristics.
背景
社区卫生工作者是中国社区卫生服务的主要提供者，在自2009年起实施的卫生系统改革进程中发挥了重要作用。因此，医疗保健管理人员和政策决策者激励现有员工并提高他们的工作满意度至关重要。本研究调查了中国黑龙江省社区卫生工作者的工作场所特征及其对工作满意度的影响。
方法
2012年10月1日至2012年12月31日，对黑龙江省三个城市的448名社区卫生工作者进行了横断面调查。采用多阶段抽样程序来衡量社会经济和人口状况、工作满意度以及实际和期望的工作场所特征。进行因子分析以确定影响工作场所特征的主要因素，并进行多元线性回归分析以评估工作满意度的关键决定因素。
结果
八组因素被确定为最重要的工作场所特征。这些因素包括制度与政策；福利待遇；工作本身；工作关系；职业发展；认可；工作环境；以及薪酬。在所有情况下，所有期望的工作场所特征均高于相关的实际工作场所特征。工作满意度的主要决定因素是职业、在卫生服务机构工作的年限，以及代表期望与实际工作场所特征之间差距的五个子量表，即制度与政策；福利待遇；工作关系；职业发展；以及薪酬。
结论
这些研究结果表明，希望提高工作满意度的管理人员应全面评估工作场所特征，并设计缩小实际与期望工作场所特征之间差距的机制。
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