School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, China
BMJ Open. 2020 Apr 16;10(4):e031953. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031953.
This study had three objectives: (1) describe the prevalence of occupational exposure among Chinese medical personnel in detail, (2) verify the partial mediating role of work environment satisfaction in the relationship between occupational exposure and job satisfaction, and (3) examine if stress symptoms moderate the relationship between occupational exposure and job satisfaction.
A large cross-sectional online survey was conducted in July 2018 in China.
A survey was conducted in 54 cities across 14 provinces of China.
A total of 12 784 questionnaires were distributed, and 9924 healthcare workers (HCWs) completed valid questionnaires. The response rate was 77.63%.
A confidential questionnaire was distributed to HCWs. The relationships among and the mechanisms of the variables were explored using descriptive statistical analyses, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis.
The most common occupational exposures among HCWs in the past 12 months were psychosocial and organisational hazards (85.93%). Overall, physicians (93.7%) and nurses (89.2%) were the main victims of occupational exposure. Occupational exposure correlated negatively with work environment satisfaction and job satisfaction, and positively with stress symptoms. Moreover, work environment satisfaction fully mediated the relationship between occupational exposure and job satisfaction, and stress symptoms moderated the relationship between occupational exposure and job satisfaction.
The incidence of occupational exposure among HCWs is generally high. The high frequency of psychosocial and organisational hazards among physicians and nurses should be taken seriously and dealt with in a timely manner by hospital managers. The negative impact of occupational exposure on job satisfaction must be buffered by measures to reduce stress symptoms and enhance working environment satisfaction, ultimately improving the overall quality of life of HCWs and promoting comprehensive development of the medical team.
本研究有三个目标：（1）详细描述中国医务人员职业暴露的流行情况，（2）验证工作环境满意度在职业暴露与工作满意度之间关系中的部分中介作用，（3）检验压力症状是否调节职业暴露与工作满意度之间的关系。
2018 年 7 月在中国进行了一项大型横断面在线调查。
在中国 14 个省的 54 个城市进行了调查。
共发放了 12784 份问卷，9924 名医护人员（HCWs）完成了有效问卷。应答率为 77.63%。
向 HCWs 发放了一份保密问卷。使用描述性统计分析、Pearson 相关系数和多元线性回归分析探讨变量之间的关系和机制。
在过去 12 个月中，HCWs 最常见的职业暴露是心理社会和组织危害（85.93%）。总体而言，医生（93.7%）和护士（89.2%）是职业暴露的主要受害者。职业暴露与工作环境满意度和工作满意度呈负相关，与压力症状呈正相关。此外，工作环境满意度完全中介了职业暴露与工作满意度之间的关系，压力症状调节了职业暴露与工作满意度之间的关系。
医务人员职业暴露的发生率普遍较高。医生和护士中较高频率的心理社会和组织危害应引起医院管理者的重视，并及时加以处理。职业暴露对工作满意度的负面影响必须通过减轻压力症状和提高工作环境满意度的措施来缓冲，最终提高医务人员的整体生活质量，促进医疗团队的全面发展。
