Backhaus Thomas
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottsbergs Gata 22B, Box 461, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2014 Nov 19;369(1656). doi: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0585.
Analytical monitoring surveys routinely confirm that organisms in the environment are exposed to complex multi-component pharmaceutical mixtures. We are hence tasked with the challenge to take this into consideration when investigating the ecotoxicology of pharmaceuticals. This review first provides a brief overview of the fundamental approaches for mixture toxicity assessment, which is then followed by a critical review on the empirical evidence that is currently at hand on the ecotoxicology of pharmaceutical mixtures. It is concluded that, while the classical concepts of concentration addition and independent action (response addition) provide a robust scientific footing, several knowledge gaps remain. This includes, in particular, the need for more and better empirical data on the effects of pharmaceutical mixtures on soil organisms as well as marine flora and fauna, and exploring the quantitative consequences of toxicokinetic, toxicodynamic and ecological interactions. Increased focus should be put on investigating the ecotoxicology of pharmaceutical mixtures in environmentally realistic settings.
分析监测调查经常证实，环境中的生物会接触到复杂的多组分药物混合物。因此，我们面临一项挑战，即在研究药物的生态毒理学时要考虑到这一点。本综述首先简要概述了混合物毒性评估的基本方法，然后对目前现有的关于药物混合物生态毒理学的经验证据进行了批判性综述。得出的结论是，虽然浓度相加和独立作用（反应相加）的经典概念提供了坚实的科学基础，但仍存在一些知识空白。这尤其包括需要更多更好的关于药物混合物对土壤生物以及海洋动植物影响的经验数据，以及探索毒代动力学、毒效动力学和生态相互作用的定量后果。应更加关注在环境现实场景中研究药物混合物的生态毒理学。
