Wang Quanying, Liu Jingshuang, Liu Qiang
Key Laboratory of Wet Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2015 Jan;187(1):4121. doi: 10.1007/s10661-014-4121-y. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
Accumulations of copper in orchard soils and fruit trees due to the application of Cu-based fungicides have become research hotspots. However, information about the sampling strategies, which can affect the accuracy of the following research results, is lacking. This study aimed to determine some sampling considerations when Cu accumulations in the soils and fruit trees of apple orchards are studied. The study was conducted in three apple orchards from different sites. Each orchard included two different histories of Cu-based fungicides usage, varying from 3 to 28 years. Soil samples were collected from different locations varying with the distances from tree trunk to the canopy drip line. Fruits and leaves from the middle heights of tree canopy at two locations (outer canopy and inner canopy) were collected. The variation in total soil Cu concentrations between orchards was much greater than the variation within orchards. Total soil Cu concentrations had a tendency to increase with the increasing history of Cu-based fungicides usage. Moreover, total soil Cu concentrations had the lowest values at the canopy drip line, while the highest values were found at the half distances between the trunk and the canopy drip line. Additionally, Cu concentrations of leaves and fruits from the outer parts of the canopy were significantly higher than from the inner parts. Depending on the findings of this study, not only the between-orchard variation but also the within-orchard variation should be taken into consideration when conducting future soil and tree samplings in apple orchards.
由于施用铜基杀菌剂，果园土壤和果树中铜的积累已成为研究热点。然而，关于可能影响后续研究结果准确性的采样策略的信息却很缺乏。本研究旨在确定在研究苹果园土壤和果树中铜积累情况时的一些采样注意事项。该研究在来自不同地点的三个苹果园中进行。每个果园包括两种不同的铜基杀菌剂使用历史，从3年到28年不等。土壤样本从距树干到树冠滴水线不同距离的不同位置采集。在树冠中部高度的两个位置（树冠外侧和树冠内侧）采集果实和树叶。果园间土壤总铜浓度的变化远大于果园内的变化。土壤总铜浓度有随着铜基杀菌剂使用历史增加而增加的趋势。此外，土壤总铜浓度在树冠滴水线处最低，而在树干与树冠滴水线之间的一半距离处最高。另外，树冠外侧的树叶和果实中的铜浓度显著高于内侧。根据本研究的结果，在未来对苹果园进行土壤和树木采样时，不仅应考虑果园间的差异，还应考虑果园内的差异。
