Cao Loan Thi Thanh, Bourquin Leslie D
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, and Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
J Food Prot. 2020 Jun 1;83(6):935-942. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-19-325.
Historically, lead arsenate pesticides were commonly used in fruit orchards. Residues of metals from this historical use can persist in soil for decades, which can result in potential risk for humans if they consume fruits grown on contaminated soil. This research was conducted to assess lead and arsenic levels in apples, leaves, and orchard soil where the apples were grown to determine the relationship between metal levels in fruits and fruit products with those in orchard soil. Soil and tree tissue samples were collected from several Michigan farms, and metal concentrations were quantified by using microwave extraction and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0 to 20 cm and 20 to 40 cm at a distance of 1 m from the tree trunk. Fruit samples also were processed into juice and pomace fractions to assess the partitioning of arsenic and lead during juice processing. The lead concentration was significantly higher in topsoil (9.4 μg/kg) compared with subsoil (6.9 μg/kg), but the arsenic content did not differ between the two soil layers (P > 0.05). Lead concentrations in apple leaves were correlated with lead in topsoil (0 to 20 cm; P = 0.03). Concentrations of total arsenic in all juice samples were less than 1 μg/kg and showed less potential than lead for uptake and translocation to fruits. There was no significant relationship between soil arsenic content and total arsenic concentrations in juice, pomace, and leaf samples (P > 0.05). Results of this research indicate that lead and total arsenic concentrations in apples and apple products from these selected orchards in Michigan are unlikely to be impacted by the contamination of these metals in orchard soil.
从历史上看，砷酸铅农药曾在果园中普遍使用。这种历史用途产生的金属残留物可在土壤中留存数十年，如果人们食用在受污染土壤上种植的水果，可能会对人体造成潜在风险。本研究旨在评估苹果、树叶以及种植苹果的果园土壤中的铅和砷含量，以确定水果及水果制品中的金属含量与果园土壤中金属含量之间的关系。从密歇根州的几个农场采集了土壤和树木组织样本，并使用微波萃取和电感耦合等离子体质谱法对金属浓度进行了定量分析。在距离树干1米处，采集了深度为0至20厘米和20至40厘米的土壤样本。水果样本也被加工成果汁和果渣部分，以评估果汁加工过程中砷和铅的分配情况。与底土（6.9微克/千克）相比，表土中的铅浓度显著更高（9.4微克/千克），但两层土壤中的砷含量没有差异（P>0.05）。苹果树叶中的铅浓度与表土（0至20厘米）中的铅含量相关（P = 0.03）。所有果汁样本中的总砷浓度均低于1微克/千克，并且与铅相比，其被吸收并转移到水果中的可能性较小。土壤砷含量与果汁、果渣和树叶样本中的总砷浓度之间没有显著关系（P>0.05）。本研究结果表明，密歇根州这些选定果园的苹果和苹果制品中的铅和总砷浓度不太可能受到果园土壤中这些金属污染的影响。
