Schankin Andrea, Hagemann Dirk, Wascher Edmund
Institute of Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Hauptstrasse 47-51, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystraße 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany.
Psychol Res. 2015 Nov;79(6):1022-33. doi: 10.1007/s00426-014-0628-7. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
Responses to centrally presented target stimuli are faster when they are accompanied by a task-irrelevant lateral accessory stimulus that corresponds spatially with the response hand (accessory variant of the Simon effect). In four experiments, we tested whether this effect depends on the awareness of the accessory stimulus. In a change blindness task, participants were asked to respond to a central letter that was accompanied by a lateral background change on some trials. Change blindness describes the phenomenon that even large changes may remain unnoticed when they occur simultaneously with another visual disruption, e.g., a blank screen. In a series of four experiments, a significant Simon effect was observed both when the accessory stimulus reached awareness and when it remained unnoticed. These results indicate that, based on the spatial location of an accessory stimulus, a spatial code is generated. This code interferes with the response code on the response-selection stage.
当中央呈现的目标刺激伴有与反应手在空间上相对应的任务无关的侧向辅助刺激时（西蒙效应的辅助变体），对目标刺激的反应会更快。在四项实验中，我们测试了这种效应是否依赖于对辅助刺激的意识。在一项变化盲视任务中，要求参与者对中央字母做出反应，在某些试验中该字母伴有侧向背景变化。变化盲视描述了这样一种现象，即当大的变化与另一种视觉干扰（例如黑屏）同时发生时，它们可能仍然未被注意到。在一系列四项实验中，当辅助刺激被意识到以及当它未被注意到时，均观察到了显著的西蒙效应。这些结果表明，基于辅助刺激的空间位置会生成一个空间代码。这个代码在反应选择阶段干扰反应代码。
