Brown Bryan N, Sicari Brian M, Badylak Stephen F
McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA.
McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA.
Front Immunol. 2014 Nov 4;5:510. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00510. eCollection 2014.
Regenerative medicine, a multi-disciplinary approach that seeks to restore form and function to damaged or diseased tissues and organs, has evolved significantly during the past decade. By adapting and integrating fundamental knowledge from cell biology, polymer science, and engineering, coupled with an increasing understanding of the mechanisms which underlie the pathogenesis of specific diseases, regenerative medicine has the potential for innovative and transformative therapies for heretofore unmet medical needs. However, the translation of novel technologies from the benchtop to animal models and clinical settings is non-trivial and requires an understanding of the mechanisms by which the host will respond to these novel therapeutic approaches. The role of the innate immune system, especially the role of macrophages, in the host response to regenerative medicine based strategies has recently received considerable attention. Macrophage phenotype and function have been suggested as critical and determinant factors in downstream outcomes. The constructive and regulatory, and in fact essential, role of macrophages in positive outcomes represents a significant departure from the classical paradigms of host-biomaterial interactions, which typically consider activation of the host immune system as a detrimental event. It appears desirable that emerging regenerative medicine approaches should not only accommodate but also promote the involvement of the immune system to facilitate positive outcomes. Herein, we describe the current understanding of macrophage phenotype as it pertains to regenerative medicine and suggest that improvement of our understanding of context-dependent macrophage polarization will lead to concurrent improvement in outcomes.
再生医学是一种多学科方法，旨在恢复受损或患病组织及器官的形态和功能，在过去十年中取得了显著进展。通过整合细胞生物学、高分子科学和工程学的基础知识，并加深对特定疾病发病机制的理解，再生医学有潜力为以往未满足的医疗需求提供创新和变革性疗法。然而，将新技术从实验室台面转化到动物模型和临床环境并非易事，需要了解宿主对这些新型治疗方法的反应机制。固有免疫系统的作用，尤其是巨噬细胞的作用，在宿主对基于再生医学的策略的反应中最近受到了相当多的关注。巨噬细胞的表型和功能被认为是下游结果的关键和决定性因素。巨噬细胞在积极结果中的建设性、调节性以及实际上的重要作用，与宿主-生物材料相互作用的经典范式有很大不同，后者通常将宿主免疫系统的激活视为有害事件。新兴的再生医学方法似乎不仅应适应而且应促进免疫系统的参与，以促进积极结果。在此，我们描述了目前对与再生医学相关的巨噬细胞表型的理解，并表明加深我们对依赖于环境的巨噬细胞极化的理解将同时改善结果。
