原褐虾属和塞尔吉虾属（甲壳纲，枝鳃亚目，褐虾科）浮游虾类的全球多样性及系统发育，并定义八个新属

Global diversity and phylogeny of pelagic shrimps of the former genera Sergestes and Sergia (Crustacea, Dendrobranchiata, Sergestidae), with definition of eight new genera.

作者信息

Vereshchaka Alexander L, Olesen Jørgen, Lunina Anastasia A

机构信息

Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Moscow.

Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2014 Nov 19;9(11):e112057. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112057. eCollection 2014.

We revise the global diversity of the former genera Sergia and Sergestes which include 71 valid species. The revision is based on examination of more than 37,000 specimens from collections in the Natural History Museum of Denmark and the Museum of Natural History, Paris. We used 72 morphological characters (61 binary, 11 multistate) and Sicyonella antennata as an outgroup for cladistic analysis. There is no support for the genera Sergia and Sergestes as they have been defined until now. We define and diagnose eight genera of the former genus Sergia (Sergia and new genera Gardinerosergia, Phorcosergia, Prehensilosergia, Robustosergia, Scintillosergia, Challengerosergia, and Lucensosergia) and seven genera of the former genus Sergestes (Sergestes, Deosergestes, Eusergestes, Allosergestes, Parasergestes, Neosergestes, and a new genus Cornutosergestes). An identification key is presented for all genera of the family Sergestidae. The phylogeny of Sergestidae is mainly based on three categories of characters related to: (1) general decapod morphology, (2) male copulatory organs, and (3) photophores. Only simultaneous use of all three character types resulted in a resolved tree with minimal Bootstrap support 75 for each clade. Most genera are interzonal mesopelagic migrants, some are benthopelagic (Scintillosergia, Lucensosergia), bathypelagic (Sergia), or epipelagic (Cornutosergestes). Within each of meso- and benthopelagic genera there is one species with panoceanic distribution, while most species ranges are restricted to a single ocean. The genera demonstrate two different strategies expressed both in morphology and behavior: protective (Eusergestes, Sergestes, Cornutosergestes, Prehensilosergia, Scintillosergia, Lucensosergia, Challengerosergia, Gardinerosergia, Robustosergia, Phorcosergia, Sergia) and offensive (Neosergestes, Parasergestes, Allosergestes, Deosergestes).

我们修订了原塞尔吉虾属（Sergia）和刺虾属（Sergestes）的全球多样性，这两个属包含71个有效物种。此次修订基于对丹麦自然历史博物馆和巴黎自然历史博物馆馆藏的37000多个标本的研究。我们使用了72个形态学特征（61个二元特征、11个多态特征），并以触角刺糠虾（Sicyonella antennata）作为支序分析的外类群。原塞尔吉虾属和刺虾属目前的定义缺乏依据。我们定义并描述了原塞尔吉虾属的八个属（塞尔吉虾属以及新属加德纳塞尔吉虾属、福科斯塞尔吉虾属、抓握塞尔吉虾属、粗壮塞尔吉虾属、闪烁塞尔吉虾属、挑战者塞尔吉虾属和明亮塞尔吉虾属）和原刺虾属的七个属（刺虾属、德奥刺虾属、真刺虾属、异刺虾属、副刺虾属、新刺虾属和一个新属角刺虾属）。本文还给出了刺糠虾科所有属的检索表。刺糠虾科的系统发育主要基于三类特征，分别与：（1）十足目的一般形态、（2）雄性交配器官和（3）发光器有关。只有同时使用所有这三种特征类型，才能得到一个各分支的自展支持率最低为75的有解析结果的系统树。大多数属是中层带的中层浮游洄游生物，有些是底栖浮游生物（闪烁塞尔吉虾属、明亮塞尔吉虾属）、深海浮游生物（塞尔吉虾属）或上层浮游生物（角刺虾属）。在中层带和底栖浮游生物的属中，各有一个物种分布于全球各大洋，而大多数物种的分布范围仅限于单一海洋。这些属在形态和行为上表现出两种不同的策略：保护性（真刺虾属、刺虾属、角刺虾属、抓握塞尔吉虾属、闪烁塞尔吉虾属、明亮塞尔吉虾属、挑战者塞尔吉虾属、加德纳塞尔吉虾属、粗壮塞尔吉虾属、福科斯塞尔吉虾属、塞尔吉虾属）和进攻性（新刺虾属、副刺虾属、异刺虾属、德奥刺虾属）。