Vereshchaka A L
P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moskva 117997, Russia.
R Soc Open Sci. 2017 Sep 6;4(9):170221. doi: 10.1098/rsos.170221. eCollection 2017 Sep.
The phylogenetic analysis of Sergestoidea based on 253 morphological characters and encompassing all 99 valid species confirmed all previously recognized genus-level clades. Analysis retrieved five major robust clades that correspond to families Luciferidae, Sergestidae, Acetidae fam.n., Sicyonellidae fam.n. and Petalidiumidae fam.n. Synonymy, emended diagnoses and composition of revealed family-level clades are provided. Three types of morphological characters were important in the phylogeny of the Sergestoidea: general external characters, copulatory organs, and photophores. Novel metrics to quantify the contribution of these character types were tested. General external characters were significant in supporting the major clades (80% of the families and nearly half of the genera). Copulatory organ characters and photophores greatly supported the medium-level clades: , (copulatory organ characters) and , , (photophores). An evolutionary model of the Sergestoidea showing their pathways into their principal biotopes is proposed: the major clades evolved in a vertical direction (from epi- to bathypelagic); further divergence at the genus level occurred within vertical zones in a horizontal direction, with the invasion of the benthopelagic and neritic (shelf and estuarine) habitats and speciation within these domains.
基于253个形态特征并涵盖所有99个有效物种的十足目萤虾总科系统发育分析证实了所有先前认可的属级分支。分析得到了五个主要的稳健分支，分别对应萤虾科、 Sergestidae科、Acetidae科（新科）、Sicyonellidae科（新科）和Petalidiumidae科（新科）。文中提供了新科的同义名、修订后的诊断以及所揭示的科级分支的组成。三种形态特征在萤虾总科的系统发育中很重要：一般外部特征、交配器官和发光器。测试了量化这些特征类型贡献的新指标。一般外部特征在支持主要分支方面具有重要意义（80%的科和近一半的属）。交配器官特征和发光器极大地支持了中级分支： ， （交配器官特征）和 ， ， （发光器）。提出了一个萤虾总科的进化模型，展示了它们进入主要生境的途径：主要分支在垂直方向上进化（从上中层到深海层）；在属级水平上，进一步的分化在垂直区域内沿水平方向发生，伴随着对中层底栖和浅海（陆架和河口）栖息地的入侵以及在这些区域内的物种形成。
