Carr Mary, Thomas Avis J, Atwood Daniel, Muhar Alexandra, Jarvis Kristi, Wewerka Sandi S
Author Affiliations: 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Regions Hospital; 2Health Partners Institute for Education and Research; 3Medical College of Wisconsin; 4University of Minnesota Medical School; 5Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner Program, Regions Hospital; and 6Critical Care Research Center, Regions Hospital.
J Forensic Nurs. 2014 Oct-Dec;10(4):217-25; quiz E1-2. doi: 10.1097/JFN.0000000000000044.
Stereotypes and prejudicial misconceptions are prevalent regarding sexual assaults and victims' responses. These are collectively referred to as rape myths. This study examines three rape myths purporting that sexual assault victims (1) immediately report the crime, (2) experience severe physical and/or anogenital injuries, and (3) forcefully resist their assailant.
This is a cross-sectional descriptive study examining presence of physical or anogenital injury, level of physical resistance during a sexual assault, and time to sexual assault report. Study subjects were female sexual assault victims examined by a sexual assault nurse examiner at Regions Hospital in St. Paul, Minnesota, in 2011 and 2012.
Sexual assault nurse examiner reports for 317 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Twelve (4%) victims experienced physical injury requiring medical intervention. Thirty-four (11%) sustained anogenital injuries requiring medical intervention. Overall, 253 (81%) victims did not actively resist at some point during the assault, with 178 (57%) victims never actively resisting. Nearly half (129, 43%) did not appear in the emergency department for 12 or more hours from the time of the assault.
Women who seek emergency department assistance after a sexual assault take a variable amount of time to present to the emergency department, rarely experience moderate or severe physical or anogenital injury, and commonly do not exert strong physical resistance against their attacker during at least part of the assault.
关于性侵犯及受害者反应存在诸多刻板印象和偏见性误解。这些统称为强奸谬见。本研究考察了三个强奸谬见，即声称性侵犯受害者（1）会立即报案，（2）遭受严重身体和/或肛门生殖器损伤，以及（3）会有力反抗袭击者。
这是一项横断面描述性研究，考察身体或肛门生殖器损伤情况、性侵犯期间的身体反抗程度以及性侵犯报案时间。研究对象为2011年和2012年在明尼苏达州圣保罗市地区医院接受性侵犯护士检查官检查的女性性侵犯受害者。
对符合纳入标准的317名受试者的性侵犯护士检查官报告进行了审查。12名（4%）受害者有需要医疗干预的身体损伤。34名（11%）有需要医疗干预的肛门生殖器损伤。总体而言，253名（81%）受害者在袭击过程中的某些时候没有积极反抗，其中178名（57%）受害者从未积极反抗。近一半（129名，43%）受害者在袭击发生后12小时或更长时间才出现在急诊科。
遭受性侵犯后到急诊科寻求帮助的女性到急诊科就诊的时间各不相同，很少经历中度或重度身体或肛门生殖器损伤，并且在至少部分袭击过程中通常不会对袭击者进行强烈身体反抗。
