Campbell R, Bybee D
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago 60607-7137, USA.
Womens Health. 1997 Summer;3(2):75-101.
Rape victims have many emergency medical needs, yet there has been very little research examining whether victims are receiving desired assistance. In this study, 147 rape victim advocates were interviewed about their most recent case in which a victim has sought treatment in an emergency room (ER). The results of this study indicated that there is some inconsistency in which services victims receive and that many women did not obtain the resources they wanted. Some forms of assistance were not provided to victims due to lack of resources in their communities (e.g., follow-up medical care). Other services were not offered due to problems in the implementation of available services (e.g., the morning-after pill [ethinyl estradiol-norgestrel] to prevent pregnancy). This research also examined how characteristics of the hospitals, the assaults themselves, and the victims impacted whether women would receive desired help. These findings indicated that women who were treated in hospitals affiliated with the Catholic church; those who were raped by their friends, dating partners, or husbands; those who experienced multiple forms of forced penetration (vaginal rape and anal rape, oral rape, or rape by an object); women of Color; and victims who did not present a sympathetic demeanor in the ER were less likely to receive several forms of assistance, such as treatment of physical injuries, arranging follow-up medical care, information and treatment for sexually transmitted diseases, information on the risk of pregnancy, the morning-after pill, and information on the physical and psychological health effects of sexual assault. Victims who were taken to hospitals that had coordinated response teams (e.g., Sexual Assault Response Teams) to work with survivors were more likely to receive some forms of treatment (e.g., information on the physical and psychological health effects of sexual assault). Implications for future research and policy initiatives in women's health are discussed.
强奸受害者有许多紧急医疗需求，但很少有研究探讨受害者是否得到了他们想要的援助。在这项研究中，147名强奸受害者权益倡导者接受了访谈，内容涉及他们最近处理的一个案例，即一名受害者在急诊室寻求治疗。这项研究的结果表明，受害者获得的服务存在一些不一致之处，许多女性没有得到她们想要的资源。由于社区资源匮乏（例如后续医疗护理），一些形式的援助没有提供给受害者。其他服务由于现有服务实施过程中的问题而未提供（例如用于预防怀孕的紧急避孕药[炔雌醇 - 左炔诺孕酮]）。这项研究还考察了医院的特点、强奸事件本身以及受害者的特征如何影响女性是否能得到她们想要的帮助。这些发现表明，在隶属于天主教会的医院接受治疗的女性；那些被朋友、约会对象或丈夫强奸的女性；那些经历多种形式强迫性插入行为（阴道强奸和肛门强奸、口交强奸或物体插入强奸）的女性；有色人种女性；以及在急诊室没有表现出令人同情态度的受害者，不太可能获得多种形式的援助，如身体伤害治疗、安排后续医疗护理、性传播疾病的信息和治疗、怀孕风险信息、紧急避孕药以及性侵犯对身心健康影响的信息。被送往设有协调应对小组（例如性侵犯应对小组）与幸存者合作的医院的受害者更有可能接受某些形式的治疗（例如性侵犯对身心健康影响的信息）。文中还讨论了对未来女性健康研究和政策倡议的启示。
