Esposito Susanna, Guez Sophie, Manzoni Francesca, Bosco Annalisa, Rigante Donato
Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy,
Immunol Res. 2015 Feb;61(1-2):63-9. doi: 10.1007/s12026-014-8583-3.
Bullous skin diseases are characterized by genetic abnormalities related to structural epidermal proteins or organ-specific autoantibodies against the same proteins and are revealed by blister formation on skin or mucous membranes, with differences in blister depth, morphology, and topography. Both inherited and autoimmune forms of these disorders can be framed in the context of epidermolysis bullosa. Their clinical spectrum varies from early lethal to mild variants with normal life expectancy, and several distinct phenotypes differ for age of onset, extent, location and depth of skin and mucous lesions, or scarring severity. Recently, different inflammatory processes blended with autoimmune phenomena have been demonstrated in both inherited and acquired epidermolysis bullosa, revealing that this overlapping might cause substantial implications in terms of disease course and outcome. Although several associations between epidermolysis bullosa in its different variants and autoimmune diseases have been reported, it is not yet completely clear how it happens and why this association occurs in only some patients. Autoantibodies are the primary cause of the disease in acquired epidermolysis bullosa, whereas they can be produced as a secondary event due to genetically determined skin damage in inherited epidermolysis bullosa, contributing significantly to the worsening of the disease. The awareness of this overlap may help in identifying new therapeutic approaches with immunosuppressive drugs that could have a significant impact in terms of prognosis.
大疱性皮肤病的特征是与表皮结构蛋白相关的基因异常或针对相同蛋白的器官特异性自身抗体,并通过皮肤或粘膜上形成水疱表现出来,水疱的深度、形态和部位存在差异。这些疾病的遗传形式和自身免疫形式都可纳入大疱性表皮松解症的范畴。其临床谱从早期致死性到预期寿命正常的轻度变异不等,几种不同的表型在发病年龄、皮肤和粘膜病变的范围、部位和深度或瘢痕严重程度方面存在差异。最近,在遗传性和获得性大疱性表皮松解症中都证实了不同的炎症过程与自身免疫现象相互交织,这表明这种重叠可能在疾病进程和结局方面产生重大影响。虽然已经报道了大疱性表皮松解症不同变体与自身免疫性疾病之间的几种关联,但这种情况是如何发生的以及为什么仅在部分患者中出现这种关联尚不完全清楚。自身抗体是获得性大疱性表皮松解症的主要病因,而在遗传性大疱性表皮松解症中,它们可能作为遗传决定的皮肤损伤的继发事件产生,对疾病的恶化有显著影响。认识到这种重叠可能有助于确定使用免疫抑制药物的新治疗方法,这可能对预后产生重大影响。