Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Institut Camille Jordan, CNRS UMR 5208, University of Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
Cell. 2014 Nov 6;159(4):766-74. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.011.
The myelination of axons by oligodendrocytes has been suggested to be modulated by experience, which could mediate neural plasticity by optimizing the performance of the circuitry. We have assessed the dynamics of oligodendrocyte generation and myelination in the human brain. The number of oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum is established in childhood and remains stable after that. Analysis of the integration of nuclear bomb test-derived (14)C revealed that myelin is exchanged at a high rate, whereas the oligodendrocyte population in white matter is remarkably stable in humans, with an annual exchange of 1/300 oligodendrocytes. We conclude that oligodendrocyte turnover contributes minimally to myelin modulation in human white matter and that this instead may be carried out by mature oligodendrocytes, which may facilitate rapid neural plasticity.
少突胶质细胞对轴突的髓鞘形成被认为受到经验的调节，这种调节可以通过优化电路的性能来介导神经可塑性。我们评估了人类大脑中少突胶质细胞的生成和髓鞘形成的动态。胼胝体中的少突胶质细胞数量在儿童时期就已经确定，此后保持稳定。对核爆炸试验产生的（14）C 的整合分析表明，髓鞘以很高的速度进行交换，而人类白质中的少突胶质细胞群体非常稳定，每年有 1/300 的少突胶质细胞发生交换。我们的结论是，少突胶质细胞的更替对人类白质髓鞘的调节作用很小，而这可能是由成熟的少突胶质细胞来完成的，这可能有助于快速的神经可塑性。
