Fernandes Custodio Débora, Ortiz-Barreda Gaby, Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2014 Nov-Dec;88(6):745-54. doi: 10.4321/S1135-57272014000600007.
The "epidemiological transition" of the immigrant population in the world, and particularly in Spain, is insufficiently understood, due to the multi-causality of the morbi-mortality and the limitations of the information about the lifestyles of immigrants. Thus, the objective of this work was to know behavioural and biological risk factors of cardiometabolic disease in the immigrant population in Spain.
Scoping review of the literature published in the period 1998-2012. We selected articles in Spanish or English, with study participants from Latin-America, Africa, Asia and Eastern Europe or who comply with the immigrant definition from the International Organization for Migration. Bibliographic search was performed in Medline and MEDES.
We identified 117 articles, and 16 were included in this review. Thirteen studies were published since 2009. In total, 15 articles corresponded to cross-sectional studies and one to a non-randomized trial; five were population-based, seven were conducted within a clinical setting, and four in mixed settings (population and clinic). In nine studies the sample was less than 500 participants, and 15 studies were conducted at the local or regional level. Thirteen articles focused on food habits and nutritional status, but showed substantial heterogeneity in objectives and results. Some studies found that the frequency of obesity was higher in the immigrant than in the Spanish native population, that the length of residence in Spain was not associated with obesity, and that the immigrants consumed less tobacco and alcohol but did less physical activity than the people born in Spain.
The scientific production on the lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk factors among the immigrants in Spain is quite recent and scarce. Thus, it does not allow for characterizing the risk profile of this population.
由于疾病死亡率的多因素性以及移民生活方式信息的局限性，全球尤其是西班牙移民人口的“流行病学转变”尚未得到充分理解。因此，本研究旨在了解西班牙移民人口中心血管代谢疾病的行为和生物危险因素。
对1998 - 2012年期间发表的文献进行范围综述。我们选择西班牙语或英语的文章，研究参与者来自拉丁美洲、非洲、亚洲和东欧，或符合国际移民组织的移民定义。在Medline和MEDES中进行文献检索。
我们识别出117篇文章，本综述纳入了其中16篇。自2009年以来发表了13项研究。总共有15篇文章对应横断面研究，1篇对应非随机试验；5项基于人群，7项在临床环境中进行，4项在混合环境（人群和诊所）中进行。9项研究的样本量少于500名参与者，15项研究在地方或区域层面开展。13篇文章关注饮食习惯和营养状况，但在目标和结果上存在很大异质性。一些研究发现，移民中的肥胖发生率高于西班牙本土人口，在西班牙的居住时间与肥胖无关，移民吸烟和饮酒较少，但体育活动比西班牙出生的人少。
关于西班牙移民生活方式和心血管代谢危险因素的科学研究相当新且稀少。因此，无法对该人群的风险概况进行特征描述。
