Colli Antonello, Ferri Martina
Human Science Department, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Urbino, Italy.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2015 Jan;28(1):46-56. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000119.
The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and critical examination of the empirical literature about the relation between patient personality and therapist countertransference.
The therapist's countertransference can play a crucial role in psychotherapy outcomes, especially in the treatment of personality disorders. The therapist's emotional responses to patients can accomplish the following: inform the clinician about the patient's personality, impact therapy outcome, influence patient resistance and elaboration, mediate the influence of the therapist's interventions and influence therapeutic alliance.
In the last years, several studies have empirically demonstrated the presence of a specific pattern of therapist responses that are related to different patient personality disorders. Other works showed how the effects of the therapist's technique depend on the emotional context in which they are delivered and in particular countertransference experiences. Moreover, researchers suggest that the therapist's emotional responses occur across all kinds of therapy and are independent of the therapist's theoretical preferences.
本综述旨在全面且批判性地审视有关患者人格与治疗师反移情关系的实证文献。
治疗师的反移情在心理治疗结果中可发挥关键作用，尤其是在人格障碍的治疗中。治疗师对患者的情绪反应可达成以下几点：向临床医生告知患者的人格情况、影响治疗结果、影响患者的阻抗和阐述、调节治疗师干预措施的影响以及影响治疗联盟。
在过去几年中，多项研究已通过实证证明存在与不同患者人格障碍相关的特定治疗师反应模式。其他研究表明治疗师技术的效果如何取决于其实施时的情绪背景，特别是反移情体验。此外，研究人员认为治疗师的情绪反应在各类治疗中都会出现，且与治疗师的理论偏好无关。
