Yang Xiaoxia, Ren Dong, Sun Wenwen, Li Xiaoman, Huang Bin, Chen Rong, Lin Chan, Pan Xuejun
Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 May;22(9):6696-712. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-3858-8. Epub 2014 Nov 26.
The concentrations, distribution, possible sources, and cancer risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in total suspended particles (TSPs) and surface soils collected from the same sampling spots were compared in Kunming, China. The total PAH concentrations were 9.35-75.01 ng/m(3) and 101.64-693.30 ng/g dry weight (d.w.), respectively, in TSPs and surface soils. Fluoranthene (FLA), pyrene (PYR), chrysene (CHR), and phenanthrene (PHE) were the abundant compounds in TSP samples, and phenanthrene (PHE), fluorene (FLO), fluoranthene (FLA), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), and benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP) were the abundant compounds in surface soil samples. The spatial distribution of PAHs in TSPs is closely related to the surrounding environment, which varied significantly as a result of variations in source emission and changes in meteorology. However, the spatial distribution of PAHs in surface soils is supposed to correlate with a city's urbanization history, and high levels of PAHs were always observed in industry district, or central or old district of city. Based on the diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis (PCA), vehicle emissions (especially diesel-powered vehicles) and coal and wood combustion were the main sources of PAHs in TSPs, and the combustion of wood and coal, and spills of unburnt petroleum were the main sources of PAHs in the surface soils. The benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentration (BaPeq) for the TSPs and surface soil samples were 0.16-2.57 ng/m(3) and 11.44-116.03 ng/g d.w., respectively. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) exposed to particulate PAHs ranged from 10(-4) to 10(-3) indicating high potential of carcinogenic risk, and the ILCR exposed to soil PAHs was from 10(-7) to 10(-6) indicating virtual safety. These presented results showed that particle-bound PAHs had higher potential carcinogenic ability for human than soil PAHs. And, the values of cancer risk for children were always higher than for adults, which demonstrated that children were sensitive to carcinogenic effects of PAHs.
在中国昆明，对从相同采样点采集的总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）和表层土壤中多环芳烃（PAHs）的浓度、分布、可能来源及癌症风险进行了比较。TSP和表层土壤中PAHs的总浓度分别为9.35 - 75.01 ng/m³和101.64 - 693.30 ng/g干重（d.w.）。荧蒽（FLA）、芘（PYR）、 Chrysene（CHR）和菲（PHE）是TSP样品中的主要化合物，而菲（PHE）、芴（FLO）、荧蒽（FLA）、苯并[b]荧蒽（BbF）和苯并[g,h,i]苝（BghiP）是表层土壤样品中的主要化合物。TSP中PAHs的空间分布与周围环境密切相关，由于源排放变化和气象条件改变，其变化显著。然而，表层土壤中PAHs的空间分布应与城市的城市化历史相关，在工业区、市中心或老城区总能观察到高水平的PAHs。基于诊断比值和主成分分析（PCA），车辆排放（尤其是柴油动力车辆）以及煤炭和木材燃烧是TSP中PAHs的主要来源，木材和煤炭燃烧以及未燃烧石油泄漏是表层土壤中PAHs的主要来源。TSP和表层土壤样品的苯并[a]芘等效浓度（BaPeq）分别为0.16 - 2.57 ng/m³和11.44 - 116.03 ng/g d.w.。暴露于颗粒态PAHs的终生癌症风险增量（ILCR）范围为10⁻⁴至10⁻³，表明致癌风险潜力高，而暴露于土壤PAHs的ILCR为10⁻⁷至10⁻⁶，表明实际上是安全的。这些结果表明，与颗粒结合的PAHs对人类的潜在致癌能力高于土壤PAHs。而且，儿童的癌症风险值总是高于成人，这表明儿童对PAHs的致癌作用敏感。
