Branco Luiz G S, Soriano Renato N, Steiner Alexandre A
Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Compr Physiol. 2014 Oct;4(4):1301-38. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c130053.
Deep body temperature (Tb) is kept relatively constant despite a wide range of ambient temperature variation. Nevertheless, in particular situations it is beneficial to decrease or to increase Tb in a regulated manner. Under hypoxia for instance a regulated drop in Tb (anapyrexia) is key to reduce oxygen demand of tissues when oxygen availability is diminished, leading to an increased survival rate in a number of species when experiencing low levels of inspired oxygen. On the other hand, a regulated rise in Tb (fever) assists the healing process. These regulated changes in Tb are mediated by the brain, where afferent signals converge and the most important regions for the control of Tb are found. The brain (particularly some hypothalamic structures located in the preoptic area) modulates efferent activities that cause changes in heat production (modulating brown adipose tissue activity and perfusion, for instance) and heat loss (modulating tail skin vasculature blood flow, for instance). This review highlights key advances about the role of the gaseous neuromodulators nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in thermoregulation, acting both on the brain and the periphery.
尽管环境温度变化范围很大，但深部体温（Tb）仍保持相对恒定。然而，在特定情况下，以一种受调节的方式降低或升高Tb是有益的。例如，在缺氧情况下，当氧气供应减少时，受调节的Tb下降（低体温）是降低组织氧需求的关键，这导致许多物种在吸入低水平氧气时存活率增加。另一方面，受调节的Tb升高（发热）有助于愈合过程。Tb的这些受调节变化由大脑介导，传入信号在大脑中汇聚，并且发现了控制Tb的最重要区域。大脑（特别是位于视前区的一些下丘脑结构）调节传出活动，这些活动会引起产热变化（例如调节棕色脂肪组织的活动和灌注）和散热变化（例如调节尾部皮肤血管的血流）。这篇综述重点介绍了气态神经调节剂一氧化氮（NO）、一氧化碳（CO）和硫化氢（H2S）在体温调节中的作用方面的关键进展，它们在大脑和外周均发挥作用。
