Murray Jean-Christophe, Tremblay Marc-André, Corriveau Hélène, Hamel Mathieu, Cabana François
Research Student, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
Orthopaedic Resident, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
J Foot Ankle Surg. 2015 Jul-Aug;54(4):554-8. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2014.09.032. Epub 2014 Nov 27.
Little is known about how immobilization of the right lower limb might affect driving. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 2 types of immobilization on the emergency braking time of healthy subjects during actual driving conditions. The emergency braking times of 14 healthy volunteers were assessed in a closed circuit under 3 conditions: wearing running shoes, wearing an Aircast Walker(®), or wearing a walking cast on their right lower limb. An instrumented car was used to measure the emergency braking times during braking tests with and without a distractor. The foot movement times were significantly increased with both immobilization devices compared with the running shoe (p < .01). The median total braking time with the running shoe during emergency braking without a distractor was 0.452 (interquartile range, 25th to 75th [IQR], 0.413 to 0.472) second. The results obtained with the Aircast Walker(®) or the walking cast were significantly longer (p < .01), at 0.480 (IQR, 0.431 to 0.537) second and 0.512 (IQR, 0.451 to 0.535) second, respectively. When a distractor was added, the total braking time with the running shoe, Aircast Walker(®), and walking cast was 0.489 (IQR, 0.429 to 0.575), 0.516 (IQR, 0.459 to 0.586), and 0.510 (IQR, 0.469 to 0.570) second, respectively, with no statistically significant differences among these 3 conditions. Wearing an immobilization device on the right lower limb minimally lengthens the emergency braking time in healthy drivers under actual driving conditions. Clinicians must nonetheless exercise caution when advising a driver wearing an orthopedic immobilization, because driving a motor vehicle is a complex psychomotor task that goes well beyond the emergency braking time.
关于右下肢固定如何影响驾驶，目前所知甚少。本研究的目的是评估两种固定方式对健康受试者在实际驾驶条件下紧急制动时间的影响。在封闭赛道上，对14名健康志愿者在三种情况下的紧急制动时间进行了评估：穿着跑鞋、穿着Aircast Walker（®）或右下肢穿着步行石膏。使用一辆装有仪器的汽车来测量在有干扰物和无干扰物的制动测试过程中的紧急制动时间。与跑鞋相比，两种固定装置都使脚部移动时间显著增加（p < .01）。在无干扰物的紧急制动过程中，穿着跑鞋时的总制动时间中位数为0.452秒（四分位间距，第25至75 [IQR]百分位数，0.413至0.472秒）。使用Aircast Walker（®）或步行石膏时得到的结果明显更长（p < .01），分别为0.480秒（IQR，0.431至0.537秒）和0.512秒（IQR，0.451至0.535秒）。当添加干扰物时，穿着跑鞋、Aircast Walker（®）和步行石膏时的总制动时间分别为0.489秒（IQR，0.429至0.575秒）、0.516秒（IQR，0.459至0.586秒）和0.510秒（IQR，0.469至0.570秒），这三种情况之间无统计学显著差异。在实际驾驶条件下，右下肢佩戴固定装置只会使健康驾驶员的紧急制动时间稍有延长。然而，临床医生在为佩戴矫形固定装置的驾驶员提供建议时仍须谨慎，因为驾驶机动车是一项复杂的心理运动任务，远不止紧急制动时间这么简单。
