Tam Charmaine S, Redman Leanne M
The Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia.
Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2013 Sep;15(1):19-24. doi: 10.1515/hmbci-2013-0032.
Obesity is characterized by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation due to increased immune cells, specifically infiltrated macrophages into adipose tissue, which in turn secrete a range of proinflammatory mediators. This nonselective low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue is systemic in nature and can impair insulin signaling pathways, thus, increasing the risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this review is to provide an update on clinical studies examining the role of adipose tissue in the development of obesity-associated complications in humans. We will discuss adipose tissue inflammation during different scenarios of energy imbalance and metabolic dysfunction including obesity and overfeeding, weight loss by calorie restriction or bariatric surgery, and conditions of insulin resistance (diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome).
肥胖的特征是由于免疫细胞增加，特别是脂肪组织中浸润的巨噬细胞，导致慢性低度炎症状态，这些巨噬细胞进而分泌一系列促炎介质。这种脂肪组织的非选择性低度炎症本质上是全身性的，会损害胰岛素信号通路，从而增加发生胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病的风险。本综述的目的是提供关于临床研究的最新信息，这些研究探讨了脂肪组织在人类肥胖相关并发症发生中的作用。我们将讨论在能量失衡和代谢功能障碍的不同情况下，包括肥胖和过度喂养、通过热量限制或减肥手术减重以及胰岛素抵抗（糖尿病、多囊卵巢综合征）状态下的脂肪组织炎症。
