Knobe Joshua
Program in Cognitive Science and Department of Philosophy, Yale University, United States.
Cognition. 2015 Feb;135:36-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.11.011. Epub 2014 Nov 28.
The philosophical study of mind in the twentieth century was dominated by a research program that used a priori methods to address foundational questions. Since that time, however, the philosophical study of mind has undergone a dramatic shift. To provide a more accurate picture of contemporary philosophical work, I compared a sample of highly cited philosophy papers from the past five years with a sample of highly cited philosophy papers from the twentieth century. In the twentieth century sample, the majority of papers used purely a priori methods, while only a minority cited results from empirical studies. In the sample from the past five years, the methodology is radically different. The majority of papers cite results from empirical studies, a sizable proportion report original experimental results, and only a small minority are purely a priori. Overall, the results of the review suggest that the philosophical study of mind has become considerably more integrated into the broader interdisciplinary field of cognitive science.
20世纪对心灵的哲学研究主要由一个使用先验方法来解决基础问题的研究项目主导。然而，从那时起，对心灵的哲学研究发生了巨大转变。为了更准确地描绘当代哲学工作的情况，我将过去五年中被高度引用的哲学论文样本与20世纪被高度引用的哲学论文样本进行了比较。在20世纪的样本中，大多数论文使用的是纯粹的先验方法，而只有少数引用了实证研究的结果。在过去五年的样本中，方法截然不同。大多数论文引用了实证研究的结果，相当一部分报告了原创实验结果，只有一小部分是纯粹的先验研究。总体而言，综述结果表明，对心灵的哲学研究已大大融入更广泛的认知科学跨学科领域。
