Rodríguez-Moranta Francisco, Rodríguez-Alonso Lorena, Guardiola Capón Jordi
Unidad de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, IDIBELL, Barcelona, España.
Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Dec;37(10):573-82. doi: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2014.07.009.
Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia and can cause asthenia, cognitive and functional impairment, and decompensation of underlying diseases. Iron deficiency anemia is not a disease but is the result of a potentially serious medical problem. Consequently, patients should always undergo investigation of the underlying cause. In men and postmenopausal women, the condition is caused by gastrointestinal loss and malabsorption of iron. In this group, recommended procedures are gastroscopy, colonoscopy and serological testing for celiac disease. If the results of these tests are negative, repeat examinations and iron therapy should be considered. In treatment-refractory or recurrent anemia, the small intestine should be investigated. In this case, the procedure of choice is capsule endoscopy. Iron deficiency anemia should always be treated until iron deposits have returned to normal levels. A wide variety of preparations are available, in both oral and parental formulations.
缺铁性贫血是最常见的贫血类型，可导致乏力、认知和功能障碍以及基础疾病失代偿。缺铁性贫血不是一种疾病，而是潜在严重医疗问题的结果。因此，患者应始终接受潜在病因的检查。在男性和绝经后女性中，该病由铁的胃肠道丢失和吸收不良引起。对于这组人群，推荐的检查程序是胃镜检查、结肠镜检查以及乳糜泻的血清学检测。如果这些检查结果为阴性，则应考虑重复检查和铁剂治疗。对于治疗难治性或复发性贫血，应检查小肠。在这种情况下，首选的检查方法是胶囊内镜检查。缺铁性贫血应一直治疗到铁储备恢复到正常水平。有多种制剂可供选择，包括口服和肠外制剂。
