Netea Mihai G, van Crevel Reinout
Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Semin Immunol. 2014 Dec;26(6):512-7. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.09.006. Epub 2014 Oct 23.
The Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is the only vaccine proved to be effective against tuberculosis and it remains the most commonly used vaccine worldwide. In addition to its effects on mycobacterial diseases, an increasing body of epidemiological evidence accumulated since its introduction in 1921 shows that BCG also exerts beneficial non-specific effects ranging from protection against non-mycobacterial diseases, decreased incidence of allergic diseases, and treatment of certain malignancies. The biological substrate of these effects is mediated partly by heterologous effects on adaptive immunity, but also on the potentiation of innate immune responses through epigenetic mechanisms, a process termed 'trained immunity'. The process of trained immunity may also play a role in the beneficial effects of BCG against tuberculosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and this could have important consequences for our quest for improving vaccination strategies.
卡介苗（BCG）是唯一被证明对结核病有效的疫苗，并且仍然是全球最常用的疫苗。自1921年引入以来，除了对分枝杆菌疾病的作用外，越来越多的流行病学证据表明，卡介苗还发挥有益的非特异性作用，包括预防非分枝杆菌疾病、降低过敏性疾病的发病率以及治疗某些恶性肿瘤。这些作用的生物学基础部分是通过对适应性免疫的异源作用介导的，但也通过表观遗传机制增强先天免疫反应，这一过程称为“训练免疫”。训练免疫过程可能也在卡介苗对结核病和结核分枝杆菌感染的有益作用中发挥作用，这可能对我们寻求改进疫苗接种策略产生重要影响。
