Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain.
Cells. 2020 Sep 16;9(9):2109. doi: 10.3390/cells9092109.
Vaccine design traditionally focuses on inducing adaptive immune responses against a sole target pathogen. Considering that many microbes evade innate immune mechanisms to initiate infection, and in light of the discovery of epigenetically mediated innate immune training, the paradigm of vaccine design has the potential to change. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine induces some level of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) while stimulating trained immunity that correlates with lower mortality and increased protection against unrelated pathogens. This review will explore BCG-induced trained immunity, including the required pathways to establish this phenotype. Additionally, potential methods to improve or expand BCG trained immunity effects through alternative vaccine delivery and formulation methods will be discussed. Finally, advances in new anti-Mtb vaccines, other antimicrobial uses for BCG, and "innate memory-based vaccines" will be examined.
疫苗设计传统上侧重于诱导针对单一目标病原体的适应性免疫反应。考虑到许多微生物逃避先天免疫机制以引发感染，并且鉴于表观遗传介导的先天免疫训练的发现，疫苗设计的范式有可能发生变化。卡介苗（BCG）疫苗在刺激与较低死亡率和对无关病原体的更高保护相关的训练有素的免疫的同时，对结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）产生一定程度的保护。这篇综述将探讨 BCG 诱导的训练有素的免疫，包括建立这种表型所需的途径。此外，还将讨论通过替代疫苗传递和配方方法来改善或扩大 BCG 训练免疫效果的潜在方法。最后，将检查新的抗结核疫苗的进展，BCG 在其他抗菌方面的用途以及“基于先天记忆的疫苗”。
