Sethares Kristen A, Chin Elizabeth, Jurgens Corrine Y
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Rd., North Dartmouth, MA, 02747, USA,
Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2015 Feb;12(1):94-105. doi: 10.1007/s11897-014-0241-5.
Persons with heart failure (HF) symptoms delay up to 7 days before seeking treatment. Delay can result in worse symptoms and potentially impact outcomes. The purpose of this review was to describe predictors and outcomes of delay in HF patients. Demographic factors, increased symptom number, social factors, greater HF knowledge, lower anxiety, and depression predicted increased delay. HF patients had difficulty recognizing and interpreting symptoms of HF. Results are conflicting related to symptom pattern, time of care seeking, and history of HF as predictors of delay. The only outcome predicted by delay was length of stay with those delaying longer reporting longer lengths of stay. Future research related to delay should include theoretical frameworks and larger, more ethnically diverse samples from multiple sites and link delay to outcomes. Valid and reliable instruments are needed to measure delay and related factors. HF education should include supportive others.
出现心力衰竭（HF）症状的患者在寻求治疗前会延迟长达7天。延迟可能导致症状加重，并可能影响治疗结果。本综述的目的是描述HF患者延迟治疗的预测因素和结果。人口统计学因素、症状数量增加、社会因素、更多的HF知识、较低的焦虑和抑郁预示着延迟时间增加。HF患者在识别和解读HF症状方面存在困难。关于症状模式、寻求治疗的时间以及HF病史作为延迟治疗的预测因素，研究结果相互矛盾。延迟治疗唯一能预测的结果是住院时间，延迟时间越长的患者报告的住院时间越长。未来与延迟治疗相关的研究应包括理论框架，以及来自多个地点、种族更多样化的更大样本，并将延迟治疗与结果联系起来。需要有效且可靠的工具来测量延迟治疗及相关因素。HF教育应包括其他支持因素。
