Philip Krupa, Sankaridurg Padmaja, Holden Brien, Ho Arthur, Mitchell Paul
Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia.
Vision Res. 2014 Dec;105:233-43. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2014.10.003. Epub 2014 Nov 11.
Refractive error, higher order aberrations (HOA), axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and average corneal radius of curvature were measured after cycloplegia from 166 emmetropic participants at the Sydney Myopia Study (SMS, 2004-2005, age 12.63 ± 0.48 years). Measurements were repeated approximately 5 years later at the Sydney Adolescent Vascular and Eye Study (SAVES, 2009-2010, age 17.08 ± 0.67 years). The baseline spherical equivalent (M) did not differ significantly between the participants lost to follow-up (65%) and the participants enrolled in SAVES study (p = 0.932). Refractive error and HOA were measured using a Shack-Hartmann aberrometer for a pupil diameter of 5 mm and AL, ACD and average corneal curvature measured using IOL Master at both visits. Retinal image quality in terms of Visual Strehl ratio (VSOTF) for a 5 mm pupil diameter was determined using on-axis lower and HOA. General linear model was used to determine the association of HOA and retinal image quality with change in refraction. Of the 166 emmetropes, 41 (25%) had myopic change (change in M > -0.50 D) and 125 (75%) had no change in refraction (change in M between +0.49 D and -0.49 D). Change in C[4, 0] (p < 0.001, R² = 0.236), fourth order RMS (p = 0.003, R² = 0.097) and coma RMS (p = 0.004, R² = 0.056) from baseline were significantly correlated with change in refraction. More positive change in C[4, 0] was associated with lesser myopic change in refraction. The eyes with myopic change in refraction decreased in positive C[4, 0] (at baseline = +0.049 ± 0.05 μm, at follow-up = +0.024 ± 0.05 μm, p < 0.05). In comparison, eyes with no change increased in positive C[4, 0] (at baseline = +0.033 ± 0.04 μm, at follow-up = +0.047 ± 0.04 μm, p < 0.05). Thus in conclusion, no significant association was observed between HOA and retinal image quality at baseline and development and progression of myopia among emmetropic eyes. The change in spherical aberration (C[4, 0]) with myopic change is possibly associated with changes occurring in crystalline lens during ocular growth.
在悉尼近视研究（SMS，2004 - 2005年，年龄12.63±0.48岁）中，对166名正视眼参与者进行了睫状肌麻痹后测量屈光不正、高阶像差（HOA）、眼轴长度（AL）、前房深度（ACD）和平均角膜曲率半径。大约5年后，在悉尼青少年血管与眼研究（SAVES，2009 - 2010年，年龄17.08±0.67岁）中重复测量。失访参与者（65%）和纳入SAVES研究的参与者之间的基线等效球镜度（M）无显著差异（p = 0.932）。两次就诊时，使用Shack - Hartmann像差仪测量5mm瞳孔直径下的屈光不正和HOA，使用IOL Master测量AL、ACD和平均角膜曲率。使用轴上低阶和HOA确定5mm瞳孔直径下的视觉斯特列尔比率（VSOTF）表示的视网膜图像质量。使用一般线性模型确定HOA和视网膜图像质量与屈光变化的关联。在166名正视眼中，41名（25%）有近视变化（M变化＞ - 0.50D），125名（75%）屈光无变化（M变化在+0.49D和 - 0.49D之间）。与基线相比，C[4, 0]变化（p＜0.001，R² = 0.236）、四阶均方根（p = 0.003，R² = 0.097）和彗差均方根（p = 0.004，R² = 0.056）与屈光变化显著相关。C[4, 0]的正向变化越大，屈光的近视变化越小。屈光有近视变化的眼睛C[4, 0]正向降低（基线时 = +0.049±0.05μm，随访时 = +0.024±0.05μm，p＜0.05）。相比之下，屈光无变化的眼睛C[4, 0]正向增加（基线时 = +0.033±0.04μm，随访时 = +0.047±0.04μm，p＜0.05）。因此，总之，在正视眼中，基线时HOA与视网膜图像质量以及近视的发生和进展之间未观察到显著关联。近视变化时球差（C[4, 0]）的变化可能与眼球生长过程中晶状体发生的变化有关。
