Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2015 Feb;23:15-24. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.10.003. Epub 2014 Oct 21.
Chromatin state is critical for cell identity and development in multicellular eukaryotes. Among the regulators of chromatin state, Polycomb group (PcG) proteins stand out because of their role in both establishment and maintenance of cell identity. PcG proteins act in two major complexes in metazoans and plants. These complexes function to epigenetically-in a mitotically heritable manner-prevent expression of important developmental regulators at the wrong stage of development or in the wrong tissue. In Arabidopsis, PcG function is required throughout the life cycle from seed germination to embryo formation. Recent studies have expanded our knowledge regarding the biological roles and the regulation of the activity of PcG complexes. In this review, we discuss novel functions of Polycomb repression in plant development as well as advances in understanding PcG complex recruitment, activity regulation and removal in Arabidopsis and other plant species.
染色质状态对于多细胞真核生物的细胞身份和发育至关重要。在调节染色质状态的因子中，多梳组（PcG）蛋白因其在细胞身份的建立和维持中的作用而引人注目。PcG 蛋白在后生动物和植物中以两种主要复合物的形式发挥作用。这些复合物的功能是通过表观遗传方式——以有丝分裂可遗传的方式——在发育的错误阶段或在错误的组织中阻止重要发育调节剂的表达。在拟南芥中，PcG 功能从种子萌发到胚胎形成的整个生命周期中都需要。最近的研究扩展了我们对 PcG 复合物的生物学功能和活性调节的认识。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 Polycomb 抑制在植物发育中的新功能，以及在理解拟南芥和其他植物物种中 PcG 复合物募集、活性调节和去除方面的进展。
