University of Southern California, 3620 S. McClintock Ave, SGM 501, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1061, USA.
University of Southern California, 3620 S. McClintock Ave, SGM 501, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1061, USA.
Appetite. 2015 Jan;84:166-70. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.10.013. Epub 2014 Oct 18.
To clarify the underlying relationship between nutrition self-efficacy and outcome expectations because the direction of the relationship (unidirectional vs bidirectional) is debated in the literature.
Secondary data analysis of a 10-week, 10-lesson school-based nutrition education intervention among 3rd grade students (N = 952). Nutrition self-efficacy (7 items) and nutrition outcome expectations (9 items) were measured through student self-report at intervention pre- (time 1) and post- (time 2) assessments. A series of two time point, multi-group cross-lagged bivariate change score models were used to determine the direction of the relationship.
A cross lag from nutrition self-efficacy at time 1 predicting changes in nutrition outcome expectations at time 2 significantly improved the fit of the model (Model 3), whereas a cross lag from nutrition outcome expectations at time 1 to changes in nutrition self-efficacy at time 2 only slightly improved the fit of the model (Model 2). Furthermore, adding both cross lags (Model 4) did not improve model fit compared to the model with only the self-efficacy cross lag (Model 3). Lastly, the nutrition outcome expectations cross lag did not significantly predict changes in nutrition self-efficacy in any of the models.
Data suggest that there is a unidirectional relationship between nutrition self-efficacy and outcome expectations, in which self-efficacy predicts outcome expectations. Therefore, theory-based nutrition interventions may consider focusing more resources on changing self-efficacy because it may also lead to changes in outcome expectations as well.
阐明营养自我效能感和结果预期之间的潜在关系，因为文献中存在这种关系的方向（单向与双向）存在争议。
对 3 年级学生进行为期 10 周、10 节课的基于学校的营养教育干预的二次数据分析（N=952）。营养自我效能感（7 项）和营养结果预期（9 项）通过学生在干预前（时间 1）和后（时间 2）评估的自我报告进行测量。使用一系列两个时间点、多组交叉滞后双变量变化分数模型来确定关系的方向。
从时间 1 的营养自我效能感到时间 2 的营养结果预期变化的交叉滞后显著改善了模型的拟合度（模型 3），而从时间 1 的营养结果预期到时间 2 的营养自我效能感变化的交叉滞后仅略微改善了模型的拟合度（模型 2）。此外，与仅具有自我效能交叉滞后的模型（模型 3）相比，添加两个交叉滞后（模型 4）并没有改善模型拟合度。最后，营养结果预期的交叉滞后在任何模型中均不能显著预测营养自我效能感的变化。
数据表明，营养自我效能感和结果预期之间存在单向关系，即自我效能感预测结果预期。因此，基于理论的营养干预措施可能需要考虑更多地集中资源来改变自我效能感，因为这也可能导致结果预期的变化。
