Mehta Puja K, Wei Janet, Wenger Nanette K
Barbra Streisand Women׳s Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 127S San Vicente Boulevard, A 3212, Los Angeles, CA 90048.
Barbra Streisand Women׳s Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 127S San Vicente Boulevard, A 3212, Los Angeles, CA 90048.
Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2015 Feb;25(2):140-51. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2014.10.005. Epub 2014 Oct 16.
Heart disease remains a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in women in the United States and worldwide. This review highlights known and emerging risk factors for ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women. Traditional Framingham risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, as well as lifestyle habits such as unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle are all modifiable. Health care providers should be aware of emerging cardiac risk factors in women such as adverse pregnancy outcomes, systemic autoimmune disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, and radiation-induced heart disease; psychosocial factors such as mental stress, depression, anxiety, low socioeconomic status, and work and marital stress play an important role in IHD in women. Appropriate recognition and management of an array of risk factors is imperative given the growing burden of IHD and need to deliver cost-effective, quality care for women.
在美国及全球范围内，心脏病仍是导致女性发病和死亡的主要因素。本综述重点介绍了已知的以及新出现的女性缺血性心脏病（IHD）风险因素。传统的弗明汉风险因素，如高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病、吸烟，以及不健康饮食和久坐不动的生活方式等生活习惯都是可以改变的。医疗保健提供者应了解女性新出现的心脏风险因素，如不良妊娠结局、系统性自身免疫性疾病、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和辐射诱发的心脏病；心理社会因素，如精神压力、抑郁、焦虑、社会经济地位低下以及工作和婚姻压力，在女性IHD中起着重要作用。鉴于IHD负担日益加重，且需要为女性提供具有成本效益的优质护理，因此必须对一系列风险因素进行适当识别和管理。
